spore Who acts: spore, bacteria, Spores, seeds, mushroom, Mould · What happens: be, make, grow, do, flower, have · To what, where: tiny cell, new living thing, job, flowering plants, stored food, millions
«spore» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: spore in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A spore is a tiny cell made by fungi, ferns, mosses and some bacteria that can grow into a new living thing.
The tree, 22 words det nsubj cop det amod acl case obl punct conj punct conj cc det conj nsubj aux acl:relcl case det amod compound obl punct root A DET spore NOUN is AUX a DET tiny ADJ cell NOUN made VERB by ADP fungi NOUN , PUNCT ferns NOUN , PUNCT mosses NOUN and CCONJ some DET bacteria NOUN that PRON can AUX grow VERB into ADP a DET new ADJ living NOUN thing NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 spore det 2 spore spore NOUN Number=Sing 6 cell nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 cell cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 cell det 5 tiny tiny ADJ Degree=Pos 6 cell amod 6 cell cell NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 made make VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 cell acl 8 by by ADP _ 9 fungi case 9 fungi fungus NOUN Number=Plur 7 made obl 10 , , PUNCT _ 11 ferns punct 11 ferns fern NOUN Number=Plur 9 fungi conj 12 , , PUNCT _ 13 mosses punct 13 mosses moss NOUN Number=Plur 9 fungi conj 14 and and CCONJ _ 16 bacteria cc 15 some some DET PronType=Ind 16 bacteria det 16 bacteria bacterium NOUN Number=Plur 9 fungi conj 17 that that PRON PronType=Rel 19 grow nsubj 18 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 19 grow aux 19 grow grow VERB VerbForm=Inf 16 bacteria acl:relcl 20 into into ADP _ 24 thing case 21 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 24 thing det 22 new new ADJ Degree=Pos 24 thing amod 23 living living NOUN Number=Sing 24 thing compound 24 thing thing NOUN Number=Sing 19 grow obl 25 . . PUNCT _ 6 cell punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a spore a tiny cell tree rules 2 make participle a tiny cell not said here by fungi and ferns and mosses and some bacteria vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset 3 grow can some bacteria into a new living thing result vn become-109.1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient into thing=Result
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Spores do the job that seeds do in flowering plants, but they are much smaller and have no stored food.
The tree, 20 words nsubj det obj obj nsubj acl:relcl case amod obl punct cc nsubj cop advmod advcl cc conj det amod obj punct root Spores NOUN do VERB the DET job NOUN that PRON seeds NOUN do VERB in ADP flowering VERB plants NOUN , PUNCT but CCONJ they PRON are AUX much ADV smaller ADJ and CCONJ have VERB no DET stored VERB food NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Spores spore NOUN Number=Plur 2 do nsubj 2 do do VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 job det 4 job job NOUN Number=Sing 2 do obj 5 that that PRON PronType=Rel 7 do obj 6 seeds seed NOUN Number=Plur 7 do nsubj 7 do do VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 job acl:relcl 8 in in ADP _ 10 plants case 9 flowering flower VERB VerbForm=Ger 10 plants amod 10 plants plant NOUN Number=Plur 7 do obl 11 , , PUNCT _ 16 smaller punct 12 but but CCONJ _ 16 smaller cc 13 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 16 smaller nsubj 14 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 16 smaller cop 15 much much ADV _ 16 smaller advmod 16 smaller small ADJ Degree=Cmp 2 do advcl 17 and and CCONJ _ 18 have cc 18 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 16 smaller conj 19 no no DET PronType=Neg 21 food det 20 stored store VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 21 food amod 21 food food NOUN Number=Sing 18 have obj 22 . . PUNCT _ 2 do punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 do present Spores the job vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent job=Eventuality 2 do present seeds the job flowering plants vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent that=Eventuality 3 flower gerund vn entity_specific_modes_being-47.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme 4 is present seeds = seed small property tree rules 5 have present seeds = seed not said here no stored food vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Patient 6 store participle vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Example 1 A mushroom releases millions of spores.
det nsubj obj case nmod punct root A DET mushroom NOUN releases VERB millions NOUN of ADP spores NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 mushroom det 2 mushroom mushroom NOUN Number=Sing 3 releases nsubj 3 releases release VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 millions million NOUN Number=Plur 3 releases obj 5 of of ADP _ 6 spores case 6 spores spore NOUN Number=Plur 4 millions nmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 releases punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 release present a mushroom millions of spores vn free-10.6.3-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Causer million=Source
Example 2 Mould grows on bread from spores in the air.
nsubj case obl case obl case det nmod punct root Mould NOUN grows VERB on ADP bread NOUN from ADP spores NOUN in ADP the DET air NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Mould mould NOUN Number=Sing 2 grows nsubj 2 grows grow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 on on ADP _ 4 bread case 4 bread bread NOUN Number=Sing 2 grows obl 5 from from ADP _ 6 spores case 6 spores spore NOUN Number=Plur 2 grows obl 7 in in ADP _ 9 air case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 air det 9 air air NOUN Number=Sing 6 spores nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 grows punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 grow present Mould bread from spores in the air vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on bread=Location
Example 3 Look for the brown spots of spores under the fern leaf.
case det amod obl case nmod case det compound nmod punct root Look VERB for ADP the DET brown ADJ spots NOUN of ADP spores NOUN under ADP the DET fern NOUN leaf NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Look look VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 for for ADP _ 5 spots case 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 spots det 4 brown brown ADJ Degree=Pos 5 spots amod 5 spots spot NOUN Number=Plur 1 Look obl 6 of of ADP _ 7 spores case 7 spores spore NOUN Number=Plur 5 spots nmod 8 under under ADP _ 11 leaf case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 leaf det 10 fern fern NOUN Number=Sing 11 leaf compound 11 leaf leaf NOUN Number=Sing 7 spores nmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 1 Look punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 look imperative you not said here for the brown spots of spores under the fern leaf vn rummage-35.5 «NP V PP.location PP.theme»: agent=Agent for spot=Theme
Example 4 Spores are carried by the wind.
nsubj:pass aux:pass case det obl punct root Spores NOUN are AUX carried VERB by ADP the DET wind NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Spores spore NOUN Number=Plur 3 carried nsubj:pass 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 carried aux:pass 3 carried carry VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 4 by by ADP _ 6 wind case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 wind det 6 wind wind NOUN Number=Sing 3 carried obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 carried punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 carry present · passive the wind Spores vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme
Example 5 Some bacteria make spores that survive boiling.
det nsubj obj nsubj acl:relcl obj punct root Some DET bacteria NOUN make VERB spores NOUN that PRON survive VERB boiling NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Some some DET PronType=Ind 2 bacteria det 2 bacteria bacterium NOUN Number=Plur 3 make nsubj 3 make make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 spores spore NOUN Number=Plur 3 make obj 5 that that PRON PronType=Rel 6 survive nsubj 6 survive survive VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 spores acl:relcl 7 boiling boiling NOUN Number=Sing 6 survive obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 make punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make present some bacteria spores vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset spore=Product 2 survive present spores boiling vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme boiling=Circumstance
Example 6 Damp rooms can be full of mould spores.
amod nsubj aux cop case compound obl punct root Damp ADJ rooms NOUN can AUX be AUX full ADJ of ADP mould NOUN spores NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Damp damp ADJ Degree=Pos 2 rooms amod 2 rooms room NOUN Number=Plur 5 full nsubj 3 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 5 full aux 4 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 5 full cop 5 full full ADJ Degree=Pos root root 6 of of ADP _ 8 spores case 7 mould mould NOUN Number=Sing 8 spores compound 8 spores spore NOUN Number=Plur 5 full obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 full punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is can Damp rooms of mould spores; full property tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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