spotting Who acts: Spotting, something, hobby, bird spotting, She, her · What happens: mean, notice, see, find, be, watch · To what, where: something, hobby, things, sports, someone, mistakes
«spotting» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: spotting in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Spotting means noticing or seeing something, often something hard to find.
nsubj xcomp cc conj obj punct advmod appos amod mark xcomp punct root Spotting NOUN means VERB noticing VERB or CCONJ seeing VERB something PRON , PUNCT often ADV something PRON hard ADJ to PART find VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Spotting spotting NOUN Number=Sing 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 noticing notice VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 means xcomp 4 or or CCONJ _ 5 seeing cc 5 seeing see VERB VerbForm=Ger 3 noticing conj 6 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 5 seeing obj 7 , , PUNCT _ 9 something punct 8 often often ADV _ 9 something advmod 9 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 6 something appos 10 hard hard ADJ Degree=Pos 9 something amod 11 to to PART _ 12 find mark 12 find find VERB VerbForm=Inf 10 hard xcomp 13 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Spotting vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 notice not said to happen gerund Spotting not said here vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer 3 see gerund Spotting not said here something vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer something=Stimulus 4 find to-infinitive something not said here vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Spotting is a hobby of watching for and recording things, like bird spotting or train spotting.
The tree, 16 words nsubj cop det mark acl obl cc conj obj punct case compound conj cc conj acl punct root Spotting NOUN is AUX a DET hobby NOUN of SCONJ watching VERB for ADP and CCONJ recording VERB things NOUN , PUNCT like ADP bird NOUN spotting NOUN or CCONJ train NOUN spotting VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Spotting spotting NOUN Number=Sing 4 hobby nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 hobby cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 hobby det 4 hobby hobby NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 of of SCONJ _ 6 watching mark 6 watching watch VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 hobby acl 7 for for ADP _ 6 watching obl 8 and and CCONJ _ 9 recording cc 9 recording record VERB VerbForm=Ger 6 watching conj 10 things thing NOUN Number=Plur 9 recording obj 11 , , PUNCT _ 14 spotting punct 12 like like ADP _ 14 spotting case 13 bird bird NOUN Number=Sing 14 spotting compound 14 spotting spotting NOUN Number=Sing 4 hobby conj 15 or or CCONJ _ 16 train cc 16 train train NOUN Number=Sing 14 spotting conj 17 spotting spot VERB VerbForm=Ger 14 spotting acl 18 . . PUNCT _ 4 hobby punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Spotting a hobby and bird spotting or train tree rules 2 watch gerund a hobby and bird spotting or train not said here vn search-35.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent 3 record gerund a hobby and bird spotting or train not said here things vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Theme 4 spot gerund bird spotting or train not said here vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme»
Meaning 3 In sports and gym, spotting means standing by to help and catch someone so they do not get hurt.
The tree, 19 words case obl cc conj punct nsubj xcomp fixed mark advcl cc conj obj mark nsubj aux advmod aux:pass advcl punct root In ADP sports NOUN and CCONJ gym NOUN , PUNCT spotting NOUN means VERB standing VERB by ADP to PART help VERB and CCONJ catch VERB someone PRON so SCONJ they PRON do AUX not PART get AUX hurt VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 sports case 2 sports sport NOUN Number=Plur 7 means obl 3 and and CCONJ _ 4 gym cc 4 gym gym NOUN Number=Sing 2 sports conj 5 , , PUNCT _ 2 sports punct 6 spotting spotting NOUN Number=Sing 7 means nsubj 7 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 8 standing stand VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 7 means xcomp 9 by by ADP _ 8 standing fixed 10 to to PART _ 11 help mark 11 help help VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 standing advcl 12 and and CCONJ _ 13 catch cc 13 catch catch VERB VerbForm=Inf 11 help conj 14 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 13 catch obj 15 so so SCONJ _ 20 hurt mark 16 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 20 hurt nsubj 17 do do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 20 hurt aux 18 not not PART Polarity=Neg 20 hurt advmod 19 get get AUX VerbForm=Inf 20 hurt aux:pass 20 hurt hurt VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 13 catch advcl 21 . . PUNCT _ 7 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present spotting sports and gym vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 stand by not said to happen gerund spotting not said here vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 help to-infinitive spotting not said here vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent 4 catch infinitive spotting not said here someone vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent someone=Theme 5 not hurt present · passive · do-support sports = sport vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
Example 1 She is good at spotting mistakes in her work.
nsubj cop mark advcl obj case nmod:poss obl punct root She PRON is AUX good ADJ at SCONJ spotting VERB mistakes NOUN in ADP her PRON work NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 good nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 good cop 3 good good ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 at at SCONJ _ 5 spotting mark 5 spotting spot VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 3 good advcl 6 mistakes mistake NOUN Number=Plur 5 spotting obj 7 in in ADP _ 9 work case 8 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 work nmod:poss 9 work work NOUN Number=Sing 5 spotting obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 good punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present She good property tree rules 2 spot gerund She not said here mistakes in her work vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent mistake=Destination in work=Theme 3 work her = she nom work «act intransitive»: poss=agent
Example 2 We went bird spotting in the park.
nsubj obj acl case det obl punct root We PRON went VERB bird NOUN spotting VERB in ADP the DET park NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 went nsubj 2 went go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 bird bird NOUN Number=Sing 2 went obj 4 spotting spot VERB VerbForm=Ger 3 bird acl 5 in in ADP _ 7 park case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 park det 7 park park NOUN Number=Sing 4 spotting obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 went punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 go past We bird vn meander-47.7 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location bird=Theme 2 spot gerund bird not said here in the park vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent in park=Theme
Example 3 Can you play «spot the difference»? I'm spotting three already.
Sentence 1: Can you play «spot the difference»?
aux nsubj punct conj det obj punct punct root Can AUX you PRON play VERB « PUNCT spot VERB the DET difference NOUN » PUNCT ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 play aux 2 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 3 play nsubj 3 play play VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 « « PUNCT _ 5 spot punct 5 spot spot VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 play conj 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 difference det 7 difference difference NOUN Number=Sing 5 spot obj 8 » » PUNCT _ 5 spot punct 9 ? ? PUNCT _ 3 play punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 play can you vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 spot in a quote infinitive you not said here the difference vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme difference=Destination
Sentence 2: I'm spotting three already.
nsubj aux obj advmod punct root I PRON 'm AUX spotting VERB three NUM already ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 spotting nsubj 2 'm be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 spotting aux 3 spotting spot VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 three three NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 3 spotting obj 5 already already ADV _ 3 spotting advmod 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 spotting punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 spot present · progressive I three vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent three=Destination
Example 4 The lifeguard is spotting swimmers who need help.
det nsubj aux obj nsubj acl:relcl obj punct root The DET lifeguard NOUN is AUX spotting VERB swimmers NOUN who PRON need VERB help NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 lifeguard det 2 lifeguard lifeguard NOUN Number=Sing 4 spotting nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 spotting aux 4 spotting spot VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 5 swimmers swimmer NOUN Number=Plur 4 spotting obj 6 who who PRON PronType=Rel 7 need nsubj 7 need need VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 swimmers acl:relcl 8 help help NOUN Number=Sing 7 need obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 spotting punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 spot present · progressive the lifeguard swimmers vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme swimmer=Destination 2 need present swimmers help vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot help=Theme
Example 5 Spotting a pattern helps you find the next number.
csubj det obj obj xcomp det amod obj punct root Spotting VERB a DET pattern NOUN helps VERB you PRON find VERB the DET next ADJ number NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Spotting spot VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 helps csubj 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 pattern det 3 pattern pattern NOUN Number=Sing 1 Spotting obj 4 helps help VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 4 helps obj 6 find find VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 helps xcomp 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 number det 8 next next ADJ Degree=Pos 9 number amod 9 number number NOUN Number=Sing 6 find obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 helps punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 spot gerund a pattern vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme pattern=Destination 2 help present Spotting you vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent you=Beneficiary clause=Theme 3 find infinitive you not said here the next number vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent number=Topic
Example 6 The coach was spotting me on the balance beam.
det nsubj aux obj case det compound obl punct root The DET coach NOUN was AUX spotting VERB me PRON on ADP the DET balance NOUN beam NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 coach det 2 coach coach NOUN Number=Sing 4 spotting nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 spotting aux 4 spotting spot VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 5 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 spotting obj 6 on on ADP _ 9 beam case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 beam det 8 balance balance NOUN Number=Sing 9 beam compound 9 beam beam NOUN Number=Sing 4 spotting obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 spotting punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 spot past · progressive the coach me the balance beam vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme i=Destination
Example 7 Keep spotting for cars before you cross.
xcomp case obl mark nsubj advcl punct root Keep VERB spotting VERB for ADP cars NOUN before SCONJ you PRON cross VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Keep keep VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 spotting spot VERB VerbForm=Ger 1 Keep xcomp 3 for for ADP _ 4 cars case 4 cars car NOUN Number=Plur 2 spotting obl 5 before before SCONJ _ 7 cross mark 6 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 7 cross nsubj 7 cross cross VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 spotting advcl 8 . . PUNCT _ 1 Keep punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 keep imperative you not said here tree rules 2 spot gerund you not said here for cars vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme» 3 cross present you vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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