sprain Who acts: joint, sprain, I, She, you, He · What happens: sprain, be, twist, swell, play, have · To what, where: ankle, knee, injury, football, sprained wrist, ice · Speech: someone speaks here
«sprain» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: sprain in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To sprain your ankle, wrist or knee is to hurt it by twisting it suddenly, so the joint swells and is painful.
The tree, 22 words mark advcl nmod:poss obj punct conj cc conj cop mark obj mark advcl obj advmod punct advmod det nsubj parataxis cc cop conj punct root To PART sprain VERB your PRON ankle NOUN , PUNCT wrist NOUN or CCONJ knee NOUN is AUX to PART hurt VERB it PRON by SCONJ twisting VERB it PRON suddenly ADV , PUNCT so ADV the DET joint NOUN swells VERB and CCONJ is AUX painful ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 sprain mark 2 sprain sprain VERB VerbForm=Inf 11 hurt advcl 3 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 ankle nmod:poss 4 ankle ankle NOUN Number=Sing 2 sprain obj 5 , , PUNCT _ 6 wrist punct 6 wrist wrist NOUN Number=Sing 4 ankle conj 7 or or CCONJ _ 8 knee cc 8 knee knee NOUN Number=Sing 4 ankle conj 9 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 hurt cop 10 to to PART _ 11 hurt mark 11 hurt hurt VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 12 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 hurt obj 13 by by SCONJ _ 14 twisting mark 14 twisting twist VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 11 hurt advcl 15 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 14 twisting obj 16 suddenly suddenly ADV _ 14 twisting advmod 17 , , PUNCT _ 21 swells punct 18 so so ADV _ 21 swells advmod 19 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 20 joint det 20 joint joint NOUN Number=Sing 21 swells nsubj 21 swells swell VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 hurt parataxis 22 and and CCONJ _ 24 painful cc 23 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 24 painful cop 24 painful painful ADJ Degree=Pos 21 swells conj 25 . . PUNCT _ 11 hurt punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sprain to-infinitive your ankle and wrist or knee vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer ankle=Patient 2 is present hurt property tree rules 3 twist gerund knee suddenly property vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent it=Theme 4 swell present the joint vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute 5 is present the joint not said here painful property tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: noun — kept apart, not parsed.
A sprain is this injury.
det nsubj cop det punct root A DET sprain NOUN is AUX this DET injury NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 sprain det 2 sprain sprain NOUN Number=Sing 5 injury nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 injury cop 4 this this DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 5 injury det 5 injury injury NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 . . PUNCT _ 5 injury punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a sprain this injury tree rules
Example 1 I sprained my ankle playing football.
nsubj nmod:poss obj advcl obj punct root I PRON sprained VERB my PRON ankle NOUN playing VERB football NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 sprained nsubj 2 sprained sprain VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 ankle nmod:poss 4 ankle ankle NOUN Number=Sing 2 sprained obj 5 playing play VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 2 sprained advcl 6 football football NOUN Number=Sing 5 playing obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 sprained punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sprain past I my ankle vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer ankle=Patient 2 play gerund I not said here football vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent football=Theme
Example 2 She has a sprained wrist.
nsubj det amod obj punct root She PRON has VERB a DET sprained VERB wrist NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 has nsubj 2 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 wrist det 4 sprained sprain VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 wrist amod 5 wrist wrist NOUN Number=Sing 2 has obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present She a sprained wrist vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wrist=Patient 2 sprain participle vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient
Example 3 Put ice on the sprain to stop the swelling.
obj case det obl mark advcl det obj punct root Put VERB ice NOUN on ADP the DET sprain NOUN to PART stop VERB the DET swelling NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Put put VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 ice ice NOUN Number=Sing 1 Put obj 3 on on ADP _ 5 sprain case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 sprain det 5 sprain sprain NOUN Number=Sing 1 Put obl 6 to to PART _ 7 stop mark 7 stop stop VERB VerbForm=Inf 1 Put advcl 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 swelling det 9 swelling swelling NOUN Number=Sing 7 stop obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 1 Put punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 put imperative you not said here ice the sprain vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent ice=Theme on sprain=Destination 2 stop to-infinitive you not said here the swelling vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality swelling=Eventuality
Example 4 Rest your foot until the sprain heals.
nmod:poss obj mark det nsubj advcl punct root Rest VERB your PRON foot NOUN until SCONJ the DET sprain NOUN heals VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Rest rest VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 foot nmod:poss 3 foot foot NOUN Number=Sing 1 Rest obj 4 until until SCONJ _ 7 heals mark 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 sprain det 6 sprain sprain NOUN Number=Sing 7 heals nsubj 7 heals heal VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 1 Rest advcl 8 . . PUNCT _ 1 Rest punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 rest imperative you not said here your foot vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location foot=Theme 2 heal present the sprain vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
Example 5 A sprain hurts but it is not a broken bone.
det nsubj cc nsubj cop advmod det amod conj punct root A DET sprain NOUN hurts VERB but CCONJ it PRON is AUX not PART a DET broken VERB bone NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 sprain det 2 sprain sprain NOUN Number=Sing 3 hurts nsubj 3 hurts hurt VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 but but CCONJ _ 10 bone cc 5 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 bone nsubj 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 bone cop 7 not not PART Polarity=Neg 10 bone advmod 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 bone det 9 broken break VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 10 bone amod 10 bone bone NOUN Number=Sing 3 hurts conj 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 hurts punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hurt present a sprain vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer 2 break participle vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient 3 not is a present sprain a broken bone tree rules
Example 6 He sprained his knee jumping off the wall.
nsubj nmod:poss obj advcl case det obl punct root He PRON sprained VERB his PRON knee NOUN jumping VERB off ADP the DET wall NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 sprained nsubj 2 sprained sprain VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 knee nmod:poss 4 knee knee NOUN Number=Sing 2 sprained obj 5 jumping jump VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 2 sprained advcl 6 off off ADP _ 8 wall case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 wall det 8 wall wall NOUN Number=Sing 5 jumping obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 sprained punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sprain past He his knee vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer knee=Patient 2 jump off gerund He not said here the wall vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme wall=Trajectory
Example 7 One morning, however, poor Thasus found that he had sprained his ankle, and could not possibly go a step farther.
The tree, 20 words nummod obl:unmarked punct advmod punct amod nsubj mark nsubj aux ccomp nmod:poss obj punct cc aux advmod advmod conj det obj advmod punct root One NUM morning NOUN , PUNCT however ADV , PUNCT poor ADJ Thasus PROPN found VERB that SCONJ he PRON had AUX sprained VERB his PRON ankle NOUN , PUNCT and CCONJ could AUX not PART possibly ADV go VERB a DET step NOUN farther ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 One one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 2 morning nummod 2 morning morning NOUN Number=Sing 8 found obl:unmarked 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 morning punct 4 however however ADV _ 8 found advmod 5 , , PUNCT _ 4 however punct 6 poor poor ADJ Degree=Pos 7 Thasus amod 7 Thasus Thasus PROPN Number=Sing 8 found nsubj 8 found find VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 9 that that SCONJ _ 12 sprained mark 10 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 12 sprained nsubj 11 had have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 12 sprained aux 12 sprained sprain VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part 8 found ccomp 13 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 14 ankle nmod:poss 14 ankle ankle NOUN Number=Sing 12 sprained obj 15 , , PUNCT _ 20 go punct 16 and and CCONJ _ 20 go cc 17 could could AUX VerbForm=Fin 20 go aux 18 not not PART Polarity=Neg 20 go advmod 19 possibly possibly ADV _ 20 go advmod 20 go go VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 found conj 21 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 22 step det 22 step step NOUN Number=Sing 20 go obj 23 farther far ADV Degree=Cmp 20 go advmod 24 . . PUNCT _ 8 found punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 find past poor Thasus morning however property vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme 2 sprain past · perfect Thasus Thasus's ankle vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer ankle=Patient 3 not go could poor Thasus not said here a step far, possibly property vn meander-47.7 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location step=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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