start Who acts: start, I, Ben, Zoe, race, you · What happens: be, start, do, begin, work, mean · To what, where: beginning, race, something, reading, car, little · Speech: someone speaks here
«start» in the school dictionary: its 6 meanings for a pupil and its 10 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: start in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 The start is the beginning of something: the start of the race.
det nsubj cop det case nmod punct det appos case det nmod punct root The DET start NOUN is AUX the DET beginning NOUN of ADP something PRON : PUNCT the DET start NOUN of ADP the DET race NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 start det 2 start start NOUN Number=Sing 5 beginning nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 beginning cop 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 beginning det 5 beginning beginning NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 of of ADP _ 7 something case 7 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 5 beginning nmod 8 : : PUNCT _ 10 start punct 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 start det 10 start start NOUN Number=Sing 7 something appos 11 of of ADP _ 13 race case 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 race det 13 race race NOUN Number=Sing 10 start nmod 14 . . PUNCT _ 5 beginning punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the start the beginning of something tree rules 2 start the race nom start «event transitive»: of=patient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To start is to begin to do something: start reading.
mark csubj cop mark mark xcomp obj punct conj obj punct root To PART start VERB is AUX to PART begin VERB to PART do VERB something PRON : PUNCT start VERB reading NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 start mark 2 start start VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 begin csubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 begin cop 4 to to PART _ 5 begin mark 5 begin begin VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 to to PART _ 7 do mark 7 do do VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 begin xcomp 8 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 7 do obj 9 : : PUNCT _ 10 start punct 10 start start VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 begin conj 11 reading reading NOUN Number=Sing 10 start obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 5 begin punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 start to-infinitive vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality 2 is present begin property tree rules 3 do to-infinitive something vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality 4 start infinitive reading vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reading=Eventuality
Meaning 3 To start something is to make it begin or work: start the car.
The tree, 13 words mark csubj obj cop mark obj xcomp cc conj punct parataxis det obj punct root To PART start VERB something PRON is AUX to PART make VERB it PRON begin VERB or CCONJ work VERB : PUNCT start VERB the DET car NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 start mark 2 start start VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 make csubj 3 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 start obj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 make cop 5 to to PART _ 6 make mark 6 make make VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 7 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 make obj 8 begin begin VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 make xcomp 9 or or CCONJ _ 10 work cc 10 work work VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 begin conj 11 : : PUNCT _ 12 start punct 12 start start VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 make parataxis 13 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 car det 14 car car NOUN Number=Sing 12 start obj 15 . . PUNCT _ 6 make punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 start to-infinitive something vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality 2 is present make property tree rules 3 begin infinitive vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality 4 work infinitive vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent 5 start infinitive the car vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent car=Eventuality
Meaning 4 To start can mean to jump a little in surprise.
mark csubj aux mark xcomp det obj case obl punct root To PART start VERB can AUX mean VERB to PART jump VERB a DET little ADJ in ADP surprise NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 start mark 2 start start VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 mean csubj 3 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 mean aux 4 mean mean VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 to to PART _ 6 jump mark 6 jump jump VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 mean xcomp 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 little det 8 little little ADJ Degree=Pos 6 jump obj 9 in in ADP _ 10 surprise case 10 surprise surprise NOUN Number=Sing 6 jump obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 4 mean punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 start to-infinitive vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality 2 mean can vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 jump not said to happen to-infinitive a little surprise vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent little=Theme in surprise=Trajectory
Meaning 5 «For a start» means as the first point.
punct case det nsubj punct case det amod obl punct root « PUNCT For ADP a DET start NOUN » PUNCT means VERB as ADP the DET first ADJ point NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 4 start punct 2 For for ADP _ 4 start case 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 start det 4 start start NOUN Number=Sing 6 means nsubj 5 » » PUNCT _ 4 start punct 6 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 as as ADP _ 10 point case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 point det 9 first first ADJ Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord 10 point amod 10 point point NOUN Number=Sing 6 means obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 6 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present a start as the first point vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent as point=Attribute
Meaning 6 To start for a place means to set off on a journey towards it.
The tree, 14 words mark csubj case det obl mark ccomp compound:prt case det obl case obl punct root To PART start VERB for ADP a DET place NOUN means VERB to PART set VERB off ADP on ADP a DET journey NOUN towards ADP it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 start mark 2 start start VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 means csubj 3 for for ADP _ 5 place case 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 place det 5 place place NOUN Number=Sing 2 start obl 6 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 to to PART _ 8 set mark 8 set set VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 means ccomp 9 off off ADP _ 8 set compound:prt 10 on on ADP _ 12 journey case 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 journey det 12 journey journey NOUN Number=Sing 8 set obl 13 towards towards ADP _ 14 it case 14 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 set obl 15 . . PUNCT _ 6 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 start to-infinitive for a place vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 set off not said to happen to-infinitive a journey towards journey vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme towards it=Initial_Location
Example 1 What if at the start I had put two pears instead?
mark case det obl nsubj aux advcl nummod obj advmod punct root What PRON if SCONJ at ADP the DET start NOUN I PRON had AUX put VERB two NUM pears NOUN instead ADV ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 What what PRON PronType=Int root root 2 if if SCONJ _ 8 put mark 3 at at ADP _ 5 start case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 start det 5 start start NOUN Number=Sing 8 put obl 6 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 8 put nsubj 7 had have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 8 put aux 8 put put VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part 1 What advcl 9 two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 10 pears nummod 10 pears pear NOUN Number=Plur 8 put obj 11 instead instead ADV _ 8 put advmod 12 ? ? PUNCT _ 1 What punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 put past · perfect I two pears the start instead property vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent pear=Theme at start=Destination
Example 2 At the start, Ben had 9 cards.
case det obl punct nsubj nummod obj punct root At ADP the DET start NOUN , PUNCT Ben PROPN had VERB 9 NUM cards NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 At at ADP _ 3 start case 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 start det 3 start start NOUN Number=Sing 6 had obl 4 , , PUNCT _ 3 start punct 5 Ben Ben PROPN Number=Sing 6 had nsubj 6 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 7 9 9 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 8 cards nummod 8 cards card NOUN Number=Plur 6 had obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 6 had punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have past Ben 9 cards the start vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent card=Patient
Example 3 How many cards did Zoe have at the start?
advmod amod obj aux nsubj case det obl punct root How ADV many ADJ cards NOUN did AUX Zoe PROPN have VERB at ADP the DET start NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 How how ADV PronType=Int 2 many advmod 2 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 3 cards amod 3 cards card NOUN Number=Plur 6 have obj 4 did do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 have aux 5 Zoe Zoe PROPN Number=Sing 6 have nsubj 6 have have VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 7 at at ADP _ 9 start case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 start det 9 start start NOUN Number=Sing 6 have obl 10 ? ? PUNCT _ 6 have punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have past · do-support Zoe many cards the start vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent card=Patient
Example 4 The race starts at ten o'clock.
det nsubj case nummod obl punct root The DET race NOUN starts VERB at ADP ten NUM o'clock NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 race det 2 race race NOUN Number=Sing 3 starts nsubj 3 starts start VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 at at ADP _ 6 o'clock case 5 ten ten NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 6 o'clock nummod 6 o'clock o'clock NOUN Number=Sing 3 starts obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 starts punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 start present the race ten o'clock vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
Example 5 Let's start from the beginning.
obj xcomp case det obl punct root Let VERB 's PRON start VERB from ADP the DET beginning NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Let let VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 's we PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 1 Let obj 3 start start VERB VerbForm=Inf 1 Let xcomp 4 from from ADP _ 6 beginning case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 beginning det 6 beginning beginning NOUN Number=Sing 3 start obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 1 Let punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 let imperative you not said here 's tree rules 2 start infinitive 's not said here from the beginning vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
Example 6 It started to rain.
nsubj mark obj punct root It PRON started VERB to PART rain NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 started nsubj 2 started start VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 to to PART _ 4 rain mark 4 rain rain NOUN Number=Sing 2 started obj 5 . . PUNCT _ 2 started punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 start past It rain vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rain=Eventuality
Example 7 I start school next week.
nsubj obj amod obl:unmarked punct root I PRON start VERB school NOUN next ADJ week NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 start nsubj 2 start start VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 school school NOUN Number=Sing 2 start obj 4 next next ADJ Degree=Pos 5 week amod 5 week week NOUN Number=Sing 2 start obl:unmarked 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 start punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 start present I school week vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent school=Eventuality
Example 8 The loud bang made me start.
det amod nsubj obj xcomp punct root The DET loud ADJ bang NOUN made VERB me PRON start VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 bang det 2 loud loud ADJ Degree=Pos 3 bang amod 3 bang bang NOUN Number=Sing 4 made nsubj 4 made make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 made obj 6 start start VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 made xcomp 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make past the loud bang me tree rules 2 start infinitive me not said here vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
Example 9 Stand behind the start line.
case det compound obl punct root Stand VERB behind ADP the DET start NOUN line NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Stand stand VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 behind behind ADP _ 5 line case 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 line det 4 start start NOUN Number=Sing 5 line compound 5 line line NOUN Number=Sing 1 Stand obl 6 . . PUNCT _ 1 Stand punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stand imperative you not said here the start line vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent behind line=Location
Example 10 Toward evening they started for home.
case obl nsubj case obl punct root Toward ADP evening NOUN they PRON started VERB for ADP home NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Toward toward ADP _ 2 evening case 2 evening evening NOUN Number=Sing 4 started obl 3 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 started nsubj 4 started start VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 for for ADP _ 6 home case 6 home home NOUN Number=Sing 4 started obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 started punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 start past they evening for home vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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