stem Who acts: stem, plant, word, Water, you, Her · What happens: be, hold up, stem, add, mean, come · To what, where: long thin part, leaves, thin part, wine glass, main part, grammar
«stem» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: stem in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A stem is the long thin part of a plant that holds up the leaves and flowers.
The tree, 17 words det nsubj cop det amod amod case det nmod nsubj acl:relcl compound:prt det obj cc conj punct root A DET stem NOUN is AUX the DET long ADJ thin ADJ part NOUN of ADP a DET plant NOUN that PRON holds VERB up ADP the DET leaves NOUN and CCONJ flowers NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 stem det 2 stem stem NOUN Number=Sing 7 part nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 part cop 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 part det 5 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 7 part amod 6 thin thin ADJ Degree=Pos 7 part amod 7 part part NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 of of ADP _ 10 plant case 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 plant det 10 plant plant NOUN Number=Sing 7 part nmod 11 that that PRON PronType=Rel 12 holds nsubj 12 holds hold VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 plant acl:relcl 13 up up ADP _ 12 holds compound:prt 14 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 15 leaves det 15 leaves leaf NOUN Number=Plur 12 holds obj 16 and and CCONJ _ 17 flowers cc 17 flowers flower NOUN Number=Plur 15 leaves conj 18 . . PUNCT _ 7 part punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a stem the long thin part of a plant tree rules 2 hold up present a plant the leaves and flowers vn support-15.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot leaf=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A stem is also any thin part like that, such as the stem of a wine glass or an apple stalk.
The tree, 21 words det nsubj cop advmod det amod case nmod punct case fixed det conj case det compound nmod cc det compound conj punct root A DET stem NOUN is AUX also ADV any DET thin ADJ part NOUN like ADP that PRON , PUNCT such ADJ as ADP the DET stem NOUN of ADP a DET wine NOUN glass NOUN or CCONJ an DET apple NOUN stalk NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 stem det 2 stem stem NOUN Number=Sing 7 part nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 part cop 4 also also ADV _ 7 part advmod 5 any any DET PronType=Ind 7 part det 6 thin thin ADJ Degree=Pos 7 part amod 7 part part NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 like like ADP _ 9 that case 9 that that PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 7 part nmod 10 , , PUNCT _ 14 stem punct 11 such such ADJ Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP 14 stem case 12 as as ADP _ 11 such fixed 13 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 stem det 14 stem stem NOUN Number=Sing 7 part conj 15 of of ADP _ 18 glass case 16 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 18 glass det 17 wine wine NOUN Number=Sing 18 glass compound 18 glass glass NOUN Number=Sing 14 stem nmod 19 or or CCONJ _ 22 stalk cc 20 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 22 stalk det 21 apple apple NOUN Number=Sing 22 stalk compound 22 stalk stalk NOUN Number=Sing 18 glass conj 23 . . PUNCT _ 7 part punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a stem any thin part and the stem of a wine glass or a apple stalk like that tree rules 2 stem a wine glass or a apple stalk nom stem «communication transitive»: of=patient
Meaning 3 In grammar, the stem is the main part of a word before endings are added.
The tree, 15 words case obl punct det nsubj cop det amod case det nmod mark nsubj:pass aux:pass acl punct root In ADP grammar NOUN , PUNCT the DET stem NOUN is AUX the DET main ADJ part NOUN of ADP a DET word NOUN before SCONJ endings NOUN are AUX added VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 grammar case 2 grammar grammar NOUN Number=Sing 9 part obl 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 grammar punct 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 stem det 5 stem stem NOUN Number=Sing 9 part nsubj 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 part cop 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 part det 8 main main ADJ Degree=Pos 9 part amod 9 part part NOUN Number=Sing root root 10 of of ADP _ 12 word case 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 word det 12 word word NOUN Number=Sing 9 part nmod 13 before before SCONJ _ 16 added mark 14 endings ending NOUN Number=Plur 16 added nsubj:pass 15 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 16 added aux:pass 16 added add VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 12 word acl 17 . . PUNCT _ 9 part punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the stem the main part grammar of a word tree rules 2 add speech: assert present · passive a word not said here endings vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
Meaning 4 To stem from means to come from or be caused by.
mark nsubj nmod mark xcomp obl cc aux:pass conj obl punct root To PART stem NOUN from ADP means VERB to PART come VERB from ADP or CCONJ be AUX caused VERB by ADP . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 stem mark 2 stem stem NOUN Number=Sing 4 means nsubj 3 from from ADP _ 2 stem nmod 4 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 to to PART _ 6 come mark 6 come come VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 means xcomp 7 from from ADP _ 6 come obl 8 or or CCONJ _ 10 caused cc 9 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 10 caused aux:pass 10 caused cause VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 come conj 11 by by ADP _ 10 caused obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 4 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present stem vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 come not said to happen to-infinitive stem not said here vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 cause infinitive · passive stem not said here vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»
Meaning 5 STEM means science, technology, engineering and maths.
nsubj obj punct conj punct conj cc conj punct root STEM NOUN means VERB science NOUN , PUNCT technology NOUN , PUNCT engineering NOUN and CCONJ maths NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 STEM stem NOUN Number=Sing 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 science science NOUN Number=Sing 2 means obj 4 , , PUNCT _ 5 technology punct 5 technology technology NOUN Number=Sing 3 science conj 6 , , PUNCT _ 7 engineering punct 7 engineering engineering NOUN Number=Sing 3 science conj 8 and and CCONJ _ 9 maths cc 9 maths math NOUN Number=Plur 7 engineering conj 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present STEM science and technology and engineering and maths vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent science=Topic
Example 1 The stem holds the flower up towards the sun.
det nsubj det obj compound:prt case det obl root The DET stem NOUN holds VERB the DET flower NOUN up ADP towards ADP the DET sun. NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 stem det 2 stem stem NOUN Number=Sing 3 holds nsubj 3 holds hold VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 flower det 5 flower flower NOUN Number=Sing 3 holds obj 6 up up ADP _ 3 holds compound:prt 7 towards towards ADP _ 9 sun. case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 sun. det 9 sun. sun. NOUN Number=Sing 3 holds obl
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hold up present the stem the flower towards the sun. vn support-15.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot flower=Theme
Example 2 Water travels up the stem to the leaves.
nsubj compound:prt det obl:unmarked case det obl punct root Water NOUN travels VERB up ADP the DET stem NOUN to ADP the DET leaves NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Water water NOUN Number=Sing 2 travels nsubj 2 travels travel VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 up up ADP _ 2 travels compound:prt 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 stem det 5 stem stem NOUN Number=Sing 2 travels obl:unmarked 6 to to ADP _ 8 leaves case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 leaves det 8 leaves leaf NOUN Number=Plur 2 travels obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 travels punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 travel up present Water the stem the leaves vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme to leaf=Destination
Example 3 Cut the stems of the roses before you put them in a vase.
det obj case det nmod mark nsubj advcl obj case det obl punct root Cut VERB the DET stems NOUN of ADP the DET roses NOUN before SCONJ you PRON put VERB them PRON in ADP a DET vase NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Cut cut VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 stems det 3 stems stem NOUN Number=Plur 1 Cut obj 4 of of ADP _ 6 roses case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 roses det 6 roses rose NOUN Number=Plur 3 stems nmod 7 before before SCONJ _ 9 put mark 8 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 9 put nsubj 9 put put VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 1 Cut advcl 10 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 put obj 11 in in ADP _ 13 vase case 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 vase det 13 vase vase NOUN Number=Sing 9 put obl 14 . . PUNCT _ 1 Cut punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cut imperative you not said here the stems of the roses vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset stem=Product 2 put present you stems = stem a vase vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent they=Theme in vase=Destination 3 stem the roses nom stem «communication transitive»: of=patient
Example 4 Pull the stem off the apple.
det obj case det obl punct root Pull VERB the DET stem NOUN off ADP the DET apple NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Pull pull VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 stem det 3 stem stem NOUN Number=Sing 1 Pull obj 4 off off ADP _ 6 apple case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 apple det 6 apple apple NOUN Number=Sing 1 Pull obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 1 Pull punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 pull imperative you not said here the stem the apple vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.initial_location»: agent=Agent stem=Theme off apple=Initial_Location
Example 5 In a stem-and-leaf plot, 34 has stem 3 and leaf 4.
The tree, 13 words case det nsubj punct cc punct compound obl punct flat obj flat cc conj flat punct root In ADP a DET stem NOUN - PUNCT and CCONJ - PUNCT leaf NOUN plot NOUN , PUNCT 34 NUM has VERB stem NOUN 3 NUM and CCONJ leaf NOUN 4 NUM . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 8 plot case 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 plot det 3 stem stem NOUN Number=Sing 8 plot nsubj 4 - - PUNCT _ 8 plot punct 5 and and CCONJ _ 8 plot cc 6 - - PUNCT _ 5 and punct 7 leaf leaf NOUN Number=Sing 8 plot compound 8 plot plot NOUN Number=Sing 11 has obl 9 , , PUNCT _ 8 plot punct 10 34 34 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 8 plot flat 11 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 12 stem stem NOUN Number=Sing 11 has obj 13 3 3 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 12 stem flat 14 and and CCONJ _ 15 leaf cc 15 leaf leaf NOUN Number=Sing 12 stem conj 16 4 4 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 15 leaf flat 17 . . PUNCT _ 11 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present stem and leaf a leaf plot vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stem=Patient
Example 6 Her fear of dogs stems from a bad bite.
nmod:poss case compound nmod case det amod nmod punct root Her PRON fear NOUN of ADP dogs NOUN stems NOUN from ADP a DET bad ADJ bite NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 fear nmod:poss 2 fear fear NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 of of ADP _ 5 stems case 4 dogs dog NOUN Number=Plur 5 stems compound 5 stems stem NOUN Number=Plur 2 fear nmod 6 from from ADP _ 9 bite case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 bite det 8 bad bad ADJ Degree=Pos 9 bite amod 9 bite bite NOUN Number=Sing 5 stems nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 fear punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fear Her = she dogs stems from a bad bite nom fear «feeling transitive»: poss=agent of=patient
Example 7 Our school has a STEM club on Fridays.
nmod:poss nsubj det compound obj case nmod punct root Our PRON school NOUN has VERB a DET STEM NOUN club NOUN on ADP Fridays PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 school nmod:poss 2 school school NOUN Number=Sing 3 has nsubj 3 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 club det 5 STEM stem NOUN Number=Sing 6 club compound 6 club club NOUN Number=Sing 3 has obj 7 on on ADP _ 8 Fridays case 8 Fridays Friday PROPN Number=Plur 6 club nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present Our school a STEM club on Fridays vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent club=Patient
Example 8 The stem of «running» is «run».
det nsubj mark punct acl punct cop punct punct punct root The DET stem NOUN of SCONJ « PUNCT running VERB » PUNCT is AUX « PUNCT run NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 stem det 2 stem stem NOUN Number=Sing 9 run nsubj 3 of of SCONJ _ 5 running mark 4 « « PUNCT _ 5 running punct 5 running run VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 stem acl 6 » » PUNCT _ 5 running punct 7 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 run cop 8 « « PUNCT _ 9 run punct 9 run run NOUN Number=Sing root root 10 » » PUNCT _ 9 run punct 11 . . PUNCT _ 9 run punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 run in a quote gerund the stem not said here vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 is a in a quote present the stem run tree rules
Example 9 There were no fewer than thirty blossoms on its stem.
expl advmod advmod fixed nummod nsubj case nmod:poss nmod punct root There PRON were VERB no ADV fewer ADJ than ADP thirty NUM blossoms NOUN on ADP its PRON stem NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 There there PRON PronType=Dem 2 were expl 2 were be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 no no ADV _ 2 were advmod 4 fewer few ADJ Degree=Cmp 6 thirty advmod 5 than than ADP _ 4 fewer fixed 6 thirty thirty NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 7 blossoms nummod 7 blossoms blossom NOUN Number=Plur 2 were nsubj 8 on on ADP _ 10 stem case 9 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 10 stem nmod:poss 10 stem stem NOUN Number=Sing 7 blossoms nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 were punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not be past thirty blossoms on its stem there vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 stem its = it nom stem «communication transitive»: poss=agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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