stiff Who acts: Stiff, body, Stiff behaviour, Bored, new shoes, legs · What happens: mean, bend, move, be, hurt, not be · To what, where: muscles, difficult, stubborn, way, feet, field · Speech: someone speaks here
«stiff» in the school dictionary: its 6 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: stiff in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Stiff means hard and not easy to bend or move.
nsubj xcomp cc advmod conj mark csubj cc conj punct root Stiff NOUN means VERB hard ADJ and CCONJ not PART easy ADJ to PART bend VERB or CCONJ move VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Stiff stiff NOUN Number=Sing 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 hard hard ADJ Degree=Pos 2 means xcomp 4 and and CCONJ _ 6 easy cc 5 not not PART Polarity=Neg 6 easy advmod 6 easy easy ADJ Degree=Pos 3 hard conj 7 to to PART _ 8 bend mark 8 bend bend VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 easy csubj 9 or or CCONJ _ 10 move cc 10 move move VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 bend conj 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Stiff hard property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent 2 bend to-infinitive vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 move infinitive vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 If your body is stiff, your muscles or joints hurt and are hard to move.
The tree, 15 words mark nmod:poss nsubj cop punct nmod:poss obl cc conj acl cc cop conj mark xcomp punct root If SCONJ your PRON body NOUN is AUX stiff ADJ , PUNCT your PRON muscles NOUN or CCONJ joints NOUN hurt VERB and CCONJ are AUX hard ADJ to PART move VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 If if SCONJ _ 5 stiff mark 2 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 body nmod:poss 3 body body NOUN Number=Sing 5 stiff nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 stiff cop 5 stiff stiff ADJ Degree=Pos root root 6 , , PUNCT _ 8 muscles punct 7 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 muscles nmod:poss 8 muscles muscle NOUN Number=Plur 5 stiff obl 9 or or CCONJ _ 10 joints cc 10 joints joint NOUN Number=Plur 8 muscles conj 11 hurt hurt VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 8 muscles acl 12 and and CCONJ _ 14 hard cc 13 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 14 hard cop 14 hard hard ADJ Degree=Pos 5 stiff conj 15 to to PART _ 16 move mark 16 move move VERB VerbForm=Inf 14 hard xcomp 17 . . PUNCT _ 5 stiff punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present your body your muscles or joints obl ; stiff property tree rules 2 hurt participle your muscles or joints not said here vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer 3 is present your body not said here hard property tree rules 4 move to-infinitive your body not said here vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme
Meaning 3 Stiff means difficult or strong, like a stiff test or a stiff wind.
The tree, 13 words nsubj obj cc conj punct case det amod parataxis cc det amod conj punct root Stiff NOUN means VERB difficult ADJ or CCONJ strong ADJ , PUNCT like ADP a DET stiff ADJ test NOUN or CCONJ a DET stiff ADJ wind NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Stiff stiff NOUN Number=Sing 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 difficult difficult ADJ Degree=Pos 2 means obj 4 or or CCONJ _ 5 strong cc 5 strong strong ADJ Degree=Pos 3 difficult conj 6 , , PUNCT _ 10 test punct 7 like like ADP _ 10 test case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 test det 9 stiff stiff ADJ Degree=Pos 10 test amod 10 test test NOUN Number=Sing 2 means parataxis 11 or or CCONJ _ 14 wind cc 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 wind det 13 stiff stiff ADJ Degree=Pos 14 wind amod 14 wind wind NOUN Number=Sing 10 test conj 15 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Stiff difficult vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent difficult=Topic
Meaning 4 Stiff behaviour is too formal and not friendly or relaxed.
amod nsubj cop advmod cc advmod conj cc conj punct root Stiff ADJ behaviour NOUN is AUX too ADV formal ADJ and CCONJ not PART friendly ADJ or CCONJ relaxed ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Stiff stiff ADJ Degree=Pos 2 behaviour amod 2 behaviour behaviour NOUN Number=Sing 5 formal nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 formal cop 4 too too ADV _ 5 formal advmod 5 formal formal ADJ Degree=Pos root root 6 and and CCONJ _ 8 friendly cc 7 not not PART Polarity=Neg 8 friendly advmod 8 friendly friendly ADJ Degree=Pos 5 formal conj 9 or or CCONJ _ 10 relaxed cc 10 relaxed relaxed ADJ Degree=Pos 5 formal conj 11 . . PUNCT _ 5 formal punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Stiff behaviour formal property tree rules 2 not be Stiff behaviour not said here tree rules 3 be Stiff behaviour not said here tree rules
Meaning 5 Bored stiff or scared stiff means very bored or very scared.
nsubj conj cc conj conj advmod xcomp cc advmod conj punct root Bored ADJ stiff ADJ or CCONJ scared ADJ stiff ADJ means VERB very ADV bored ADJ or CCONJ very ADV scared ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Bored bored ADJ Degree=Pos 6 means nsubj 2 stiff stiff ADJ Degree=Pos 1 Bored conj 3 or or CCONJ _ 4 scared cc 4 scared scared ADJ Degree=Pos 1 Bored conj 5 stiff stiff ADJ Degree=Pos 1 Bored conj 6 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 very very ADV _ 8 bored advmod 8 bored bored ADJ Degree=Pos 6 means xcomp 9 or or CCONJ _ 11 scared cc 10 very very ADV _ 11 scared advmod 11 scared scared ADJ Degree=Pos 8 bored conj 12 . . PUNCT _ 6 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Bored bored property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
Meaning 6 Stiff can also mean stubborn and refusing to give way.
nsubj aux advmod obj cc conj mark xcomp obj punct root Stiff NOUN can AUX also ADV mean VERB stubborn ADJ and CCONJ refusing VERB to PART give VERB way NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Stiff stiff NOUN Number=Sing 4 mean nsubj 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 mean aux 3 also also ADV _ 4 mean advmod 4 mean mean VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 stubborn stubborn ADJ Degree=Pos 4 mean obj 6 and and CCONJ _ 7 refusing cc 7 refusing refuse VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 5 stubborn conj 8 to to PART _ 9 give mark 9 give give VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 refusing xcomp 10 way way NOUN Number=Sing 9 give obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 4 mean punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean can Stiff stubborn vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stubborn=Topic 2 refuse gerund Stiff not said here vn reject-77.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme 3 not give to-infinitive Stiff not said here way vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent way=Theme
Example 1 The new shoes are stiff and hurt my feet.
det amod nsubj cop cc conj nmod:poss obj punct root The DET new ADJ shoes NOUN are AUX stiff ADJ and CCONJ hurt VERB my PRON feet NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 shoes det 2 new new ADJ Degree=Pos 3 shoes amod 3 shoes shoe NOUN Number=Plur 5 stiff nsubj 4 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 stiff cop 5 stiff stiff ADJ Degree=Pos root root 6 and and CCONJ _ 7 hurt cc 7 hurt hurt VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 stiff conj 8 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 feet nmod:poss 9 feet foot NOUN Number=Plur 7 hurt obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 5 stiff punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present the new shoes stiff property tree rules 2 hurt past the new shoes not said here my feet vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer foot=Patient
Example 2 My legs were stiff after the long walk.
nmod:poss nsubj cop case det amod obl punct root My PRON legs NOUN were AUX stiff ADJ after ADP the DET long ADJ walk NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 legs nmod:poss 2 legs leg NOUN Number=Plur 4 stiff nsubj 3 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 stiff cop 4 stiff stiff ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 after after ADP _ 8 walk case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 walk det 7 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 8 walk amod 8 walk walk NOUN Number=Sing 4 stiff obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 stiff punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past My legs after the long walk stiff property tree rules
Example 3 Cardboard is stiffer than paper.
nsubj cop case obl punct root Cardboard NOUN is AUX stiffer ADJ than ADP paper NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Cardboard cardboard NOUN Number=Sing 3 stiffer nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 stiffer cop 3 stiffer stiff ADJ Degree=Cmp root root 4 than than ADP _ 5 paper case 5 paper paper NOUN Number=Sing 3 stiffer obl 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 stiffer punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Cardboard than paper; stiff property tree rules
Example 4 I woke up with a stiff neck.
nsubj compound:prt case det amod obl punct root I PRON woke VERB up ADP with ADP a DET stiff ADJ neck NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 woke nsubj 2 woke wake VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 up up ADP _ 2 woke compound:prt 4 with with ADP _ 7 neck case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 neck det 6 stiff stiff ADJ Degree=Pos 7 neck amod 7 neck neck NOUN Number=Sing 2 woke obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 woke punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 wake up past I with a stiff neck vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent with neck=Instrument
Example 5 A stiff wind blew across the field.
det amod nsubj case det obl punct root A DET stiff ADJ wind NOUN blew VERB across ADP the DET field NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 wind det 2 stiff stiff ADJ Degree=Pos 3 wind amod 3 wind wind NOUN Number=Sing 4 blew nsubj 4 blew blow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 across across ADP _ 7 field case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 field det 7 field field NOUN Number=Sing 4 blew obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 blew punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 blow past a stiff wind the field vn split-23.2 «NP V apart»: agent=Patient
Example 6 The test was stiff, but I passed.
det nsubj cop punct cc nsubj conj punct root The DET test NOUN was AUX stiff ADJ , PUNCT but CCONJ I PRON passed VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 test det 2 test test NOUN Number=Sing 4 stiff nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 stiff cop 4 stiff stiff ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 , , PUNCT _ 8 passed punct 6 but but CCONJ _ 8 passed cc 7 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 8 passed nsubj 8 passed pass VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 stiff conj 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 stiff punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past the test stiff property tree rules 2 pass past I vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 7 I was scared stiff during the film.
nsubj cop amod case det obl punct root I PRON was AUX scared ADJ stiff ADJ during ADP the DET film NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 stiff nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 stiff cop 3 scared scared ADJ Degree=Pos 4 stiff amod 4 stiff stiff ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 during during ADP _ 7 film case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 film det 7 film film NOUN Number=Sing 4 stiff obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 stiff punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past I during the film stiff property tree rules
Example 8 Who's a gwine fer ter stan' stiff-kneed en bol'.
The tree, 11 words nsubj cop det compound case nmod punct compound punct amod compound appos punct punct root Who PRON 's AUX a DET gwine NOUN fer NOUN ter ADP stan PROPN ' PUNCT stiff ADJ - PUNCT kneed VERB en NOUN bol NOUN ' PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Who who PRON PronType=Rel 5 fer nsubj 2 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 fer cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 fer det 4 gwine gwine NOUN Number=Sing 5 fer compound 5 fer fer NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 ter ter ADP _ 7 stan case 7 stan Stan PROPN Number=Sing 5 fer nmod 8 ' ' PUNCT _ 13 bol punct 9 stiff stiff ADJ Degree=Pos 11 kneed compound 10 - - PUNCT _ 9 stiff punct 11 kneed knee VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 13 bol amod 12 en en NOUN Number=Sing 13 bol compound 13 bol bol NOUN Number=Sing 5 fer appos 14 ' ' PUNCT _ 13 bol punct 15 . . PUNCT _ 5 fer punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a gwine fer ter stan tree rules 2 knee participle vn spank-18.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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