stiffness Who acts: Stiffness, someone, spring, I, Gentle stretching, knees · What happens: be, bend, move, sleep, act, not be · To what, where: tight achy feeling, muscles, material, stiffness, legs, bit · Speech: someone speaks here
«stiffness» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: stiffness in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Stiffness is being hard to bend or move, like a new board or a stiff collar.
The tree, 16 words nsubj cop cop mark csubj cc conj punct case det amod obl cc det amod conj punct root Stiffness NOUN is AUX being AUX hard ADJ to PART bend VERB or CCONJ move VERB , PUNCT like ADP a DET new ADJ board NOUN or CCONJ a DET stiff ADJ collar NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Stiffness stiffness NOUN Number=Sing 4 hard nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 hard cop 3 being be AUX Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 4 hard cop 4 hard hard ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 to to PART _ 6 bend mark 6 bend bend VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 hard csubj 7 or or CCONJ _ 8 move cc 8 move move VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 bend conj 9 , , PUNCT _ 13 board punct 10 like like ADP _ 13 board case 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 board det 12 new new ADJ Degree=Pos 13 board amod 13 board board NOUN Number=Sing 8 move obl 14 or or CCONJ _ 17 collar cc 15 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 17 collar det 16 stiff stiff ADJ Degree=Pos 17 collar amod 17 collar collar NOUN Number=Sing 13 board conj 18 . . PUNCT _ 4 hard punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Stiffness hard property tree rules 2 bend to-infinitive vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 move infinitive like a new board or a stiff collar vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Stiffness in the body is a tight, achy feeling in your muscles or joints, often after exercise or sleeping badly.
The tree, 20 words nsubj case det nmod cop det amod punct amod case nmod:poss nmod cc conj punct advmod case parataxis cc conj advmod punct root Stiffness NOUN in ADP the DET body NOUN is AUX a DET tight ADJ , PUNCT achy ADJ feeling NOUN in ADP your PRON muscles NOUN or CCONJ joints NOUN , PUNCT often ADV after ADP exercise NOUN or CCONJ sleeping VERB badly ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Stiffness stiffness NOUN Number=Sing 10 feeling nsubj 2 in in ADP _ 4 body case 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 body det 4 body body NOUN Number=Sing 1 Stiffness nmod 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 feeling cop 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 feeling det 7 tight tight ADJ Degree=Pos 10 feeling amod 8 , , PUNCT _ 7 tight punct 9 achy achy ADJ Degree=Pos 10 feeling amod 10 feeling feeling NOUN Number=Sing root root 11 in in ADP _ 13 muscles case 12 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 13 muscles nmod:poss 13 muscles muscle NOUN Number=Plur 10 feeling nmod 14 or or CCONJ _ 15 joints cc 15 joints joint NOUN Number=Plur 13 muscles conj 16 , , PUNCT _ 19 exercise punct 17 often often ADV _ 19 exercise advmod 18 after after ADP _ 19 exercise case 19 exercise exercise NOUN Number=Sing 10 feeling parataxis 20 or or CCONJ _ 21 sleeping cc 21 sleeping sleep VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 19 exercise conj 22 badly badly ADV Degree=Pos 21 sleeping advmod 23 . . PUNCT _ 10 feeling punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Stiffness in the body a tight achy feeling your muscles or joints tree rules 2 sleep gerund Stiffness in the body not said here badly property vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Meaning 3 Stiffness in how someone acts is being too formal, cold or awkward, not relaxed.
The tree, 14 words nsubj mark advmod nsubj advcl cop cop advmod punct conj cc conj punct advmod conj punct root Stiffness NOUN in SCONJ how ADV someone PRON acts VERB is AUX being AUX too ADV formal ADJ , PUNCT cold ADJ or CCONJ awkward ADJ , PUNCT not PART relaxed ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Stiffness stiffness NOUN Number=Sing 9 formal nsubj 2 in in SCONJ _ 5 acts mark 3 how how ADV PronType=Int 5 acts advmod 4 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 5 acts nsubj 5 acts act VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 1 Stiffness advcl 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 formal cop 7 being be AUX Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 9 formal cop 8 too too ADV _ 9 formal advmod 9 formal formal ADJ Degree=Pos root root 10 , , PUNCT _ 11 cold punct 11 cold cold ADJ Degree=Pos 9 formal conj 12 or or CCONJ _ 13 awkward cc 13 awkward awkward ADJ Degree=Pos 9 formal conj 14 , , PUNCT _ 16 relaxed punct 15 not not PART Polarity=Neg 16 relaxed advmod 16 relaxed relaxed ADJ Degree=Pos 9 formal conj 17 . . PUNCT _ 9 formal punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 act present someone vn act-114-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 is present Stiffness formal property tree rules 3 be Stiffness not said here tree rules 4 be Stiffness not said here tree rules 5 not be Stiffness not said here tree rules
Meaning 4 Usage: science — kept apart, not parsed.
Stiffness is how strongly a material or spring resists being bent or stretched.
nsubj cop advmod advmod det cc nsubj conj aux:pass xcomp cc conj punct root Stiffness NOUN is AUX how ADV strongly ADV a DET material NOUN or CCONJ spring NOUN resists VERB being AUX bent VERB or CCONJ stretched VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Stiffness stiffness NOUN Number=Sing 6 material nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 material cop 3 how how ADV PronType=Int 4 strongly advmod 4 strongly strongly ADV _ 6 material advmod 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 material det 6 material material NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 or or CCONJ _ 9 resists cc 8 spring spring NOUN Number=Sing 9 resists nsubj 9 resists resist VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 material conj 10 being be AUX Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 11 bent aux:pass 11 bent bend VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 9 resists xcomp 12 or or CCONJ _ 13 stretched cc 13 stretched stretch VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 11 bent conj 14 . . PUNCT _ 6 material punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Stiffness a material strongly property tree rules 2 resist present spring tree rules 3 bend gerund · passive spring not said here vn assuming_position-50 «NP V» 4 stretch participle spring not said here vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
Example 1 I felt some stiffness in my legs after the cross-country race.
nsubj det obj case nmod:poss obl case det amod obl punct root I PRON felt VERB some DET stiffness NOUN in ADP my PRON legs NOUN after ADP the DET cross-country ADJ race NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 felt nsubj 2 felt feel VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 some some DET PronType=Ind 4 stiffness det 4 stiffness stiffness NOUN Number=Sing 2 felt obj 5 in in ADP _ 7 legs case 6 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 legs nmod:poss 7 legs leg NOUN Number=Plur 2 felt obl 8 after after ADP _ 11 race case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 race det 10 cross-country cross-country ADJ Degree=Pos 11 race amod 11 race race NOUN Number=Sing 2 felt obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 felt punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 feel past I some stiffness my legs after the cross-country race vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent stiffness=Theme in leg=Location
Example 2 Gentle stretching helps reduce stiffness.
amod nsubj xcomp obj punct root Gentle ADJ stretching NOUN helps VERB reduce VERB stiffness NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Gentle gentle ADJ Degree=Pos 2 stretching amod 2 stretching stretching NOUN Number=Sing 3 helps nsubj 3 helps help VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 reduce reduce VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 helps xcomp 5 stiffness stiffness NOUN Number=Sing 4 reduce obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 helps punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 help present Gentle stretching vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme 2 reduce infinitive Gentle stretching not said here stiffness vn limit-76 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer stiffness=Patient
Example 3 Grandad's knees have a bit of stiffness in cold weather.
nmod:poss case nsubj det obj case nmod case amod nmod punct root Grandad PROPN 's PART knees NOUN have VERB a DET bit NOUN of ADP stiffness NOUN in ADP cold ADJ weather NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Grandad Grandad PROPN Number=Sing 3 knees nmod:poss 2 's 's PART _ 1 Grandad case 3 knees knee NOUN Number=Plur 4 have nsubj 4 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 bit det 6 bit bit NOUN Number=Sing 4 have obj 7 of of ADP _ 8 stiffness case 8 stiffness stiffness NOUN Number=Sing 6 bit nmod 9 in in ADP _ 11 weather case 10 cold cold ADJ Degree=Pos 11 weather amod 11 weather weather NOUN Number=Sing 8 stiffness nmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 4 have punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present Grandad's knees a bit of stiffness in cold weather vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bit=Patient
Example 4 The stiffness of the cardboard made it hard to fold.
det nsubj case det nmod obj xcomp mark xcomp punct root The DET stiffness NOUN of ADP the DET cardboard NOUN made VERB it PRON hard ADJ to PART fold VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 stiffness det 2 stiffness stiffness NOUN Number=Sing 6 made nsubj 3 of of ADP _ 5 cardboard case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 cardboard det 5 cardboard cardboard NOUN Number=Sing 2 stiffness nmod 6 made make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 7 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 made obj 8 hard hard ADJ Degree=Pos 6 made xcomp 9 to to PART _ 10 fold mark 10 fold fold VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 hard xcomp 11 . . PUNCT _ 6 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make past the stiffness of the cardboard cardboard hard property vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset it=Product 2 fold to-infinitive cardboard not said here vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
Example 5 We measured the stiffness of three different rulers in science.
nsubj det obj case nummod amod nmod case nmod punct root We PRON measured VERB the DET stiffness NOUN of ADP three NUM different ADJ rulers NOUN in ADP science NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 measured nsubj 2 measured measure VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 stiffness det 4 stiffness stiffness NOUN Number=Sing 2 measured obj 5 of of ADP _ 8 rulers case 6 three three NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 8 rulers nummod 7 different different ADJ Degree=Pos 8 rulers amod 8 rulers ruler NOUN Number=Plur 4 stiffness nmod 9 in in ADP _ 10 science case 10 science science NOUN Number=Sing 8 rulers nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 measured punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 measure past We the stiffness of three different rulers in science vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme stiffness=Value
Example 6 There was a stiffness in her voice when she said hello.
expl advcl det nsubj case nmod:poss nmod advmod nsubj obj punct root There PRON was VERB a DET stiffness NOUN in ADP her PRON voice NOUN when ADV she PRON said VERB hello INTJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 There there PRON PronType=Dem 2 was expl 2 was be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 10 said advcl 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 stiffness det 4 stiffness stiffness NOUN Number=Sing 2 was nsubj 5 in in ADP _ 7 voice case 6 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 voice nmod:poss 7 voice voice NOUN Number=Sing 4 stiffness nmod 8 when when ADV PronType=Int 10 said advmod 9 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 said nsubj 10 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 11 hello hello INTJ _ 10 said obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 10 said punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 be past a stiffness in stiffness's voice there vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 say speech: assert past stiffness vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent hello=Topic
Example 7 The stiffness of the new shoes gave me blisters.
det nsubj case det amod nmod iobj obj punct root The DET stiffness NOUN of ADP the DET new ADJ shoes NOUN gave VERB me PRON blisters NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 stiffness det 2 stiffness stiffness NOUN Number=Sing 7 gave nsubj 3 of of ADP _ 6 shoes case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 shoes det 5 new new ADJ Degree=Pos 6 shoes amod 6 shoes shoe NOUN Number=Plur 2 stiffness nmod 7 gave give VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 8 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 7 gave iobj 9 blisters blister NOUN Number=Plur 7 gave obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 7 gave punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give past the stiffness of the new shoes blisters me vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent i=Recipient blister=Theme
Example 8 After the long car ride, the stiffness in my back made me groan.
The tree, 13 words case det amod compound obl punct det nsubj case nmod:poss nmod obj xcomp punct root After ADP the DET long ADJ car NOUN ride NOUN , PUNCT the DET stiffness NOUN in ADP my PRON back NOUN made VERB me PRON groan VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 After after ADP _ 5 ride case 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 ride det 3 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 5 ride amod 4 car car NOUN Number=Sing 5 ride compound 5 ride ride NOUN Number=Sing 12 made obl 6 , , PUNCT _ 5 ride punct 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 stiffness det 8 stiffness stiffness NOUN Number=Sing 12 made nsubj 9 in in ADP _ 11 back case 10 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 11 back nmod:poss 11 back back NOUN Number=Sing 8 stiffness nmod 12 made make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 13 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 12 made obj 14 groan groan VERB VerbForm=Inf 12 made xcomp 15 . . PUNCT _ 12 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make past the stiffness in my back me after the long car ride tree rules 2 groan infinitive me not said here vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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