stifled Who acts: air, She, I, He, speech, We · What happens: hold back, not hear, see, stifle, breathe, be · To what, where: it, stifled ideas, stifled giggle, stifled cry, cupboard, yawn
«stifled» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: stifled in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Held back so it is not heard or seen: a stifled laugh, a stifled yawn, a stifled cry.
The tree, 18 words advcl advmod advmod nsubj aux:pass advmod cc conj punct det amod conj punct det amod conj punct det amod conj punct root Held VERB back ADV so ADV it PRON is AUX not PART heard VERB or CCONJ seen VERB : PUNCT a DET stifled VERB laugh NOUN , PUNCT a DET stifled VERB yawn NOUN , PUNCT a DET stifled VERB cry NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Held hold VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 7 heard advcl 2 back back ADV _ 1 Held advmod 3 so so ADV _ 7 heard advmod 4 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 heard nsubj 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 heard aux:pass 6 not not PART Polarity=Neg 7 heard advmod 7 heard hear VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 8 or or CCONJ _ 9 seen cc 9 seen see VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 7 heard conj 10 : : PUNCT _ 13 laugh punct 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 laugh det 12 stifled stifle VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 13 laugh amod 13 laugh laugh NOUN Number=Sing 7 heard conj 14 , , PUNCT _ 17 yawn punct 15 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 17 yawn det 16 stifled stifle VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 17 yawn amod 17 yawn yawn NOUN Number=Sing 13 laugh conj 18 , , PUNCT _ 21 cry punct 19 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 21 cry det 20 stifled stifle VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 21 cry amod 21 cry cry NOUN Number=Sing 13 laugh conj 22 . . PUNCT _ 7 heard punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hold back participle vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 not hear present · passive it vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: subject=Stimulus 3 see participle vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer 4 stifle participle vn suffocate-40.7 «NP.theme V»: agent=Patient 5 stifle participle vn suffocate-40.7 «NP.theme V»: agent=Patient 6 stifle participle vn suffocate-40.7 «NP.theme V»: agent=Patient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Unable to breathe well because the air is hot or stuffy.
mark xcomp advmod mark det nsubj cop advcl cc conj punct root Unable ADJ to PART breathe VERB well ADV because SCONJ the DET air NOUN is AUX hot ADJ or CCONJ stuffy ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Unable unable ADJ Degree=Pos root root 2 to to PART _ 3 breathe mark 3 breathe breathe VERB VerbForm=Inf 1 Unable xcomp 4 well well ADV Degree=Pos 3 breathe advmod 5 because because SCONJ _ 9 hot mark 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 air det 7 air air NOUN Number=Sing 9 hot nsubj 8 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 hot cop 9 hot hot ADJ Degree=Pos 3 breathe advcl 10 or or CCONJ _ 11 stuffy cc 11 stuffy stuffy ADJ Degree=Pos 9 hot conj 12 . . PUNCT _ 1 Unable punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 breathe to-infinitive well property vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 is present the air hot property tree rules 3 be the air not said here tree rules
Meaning 3 Stopped from growing or being free: stifled ideas.
mark advcl cc cop conj punct amod obl punct root Stopped VERB from SCONJ growing VERB or CCONJ being AUX free ADJ : PUNCT stifled VERB ideas NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Stopped stop VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 2 from from SCONJ _ 3 growing mark 3 growing grow VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 1 Stopped advcl 4 or or CCONJ _ 6 free cc 5 being be AUX Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 6 free cop 6 free free ADJ Degree=Pos 3 growing conj 7 : : PUNCT _ 9 ideas punct 8 stifled stifle VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 9 ideas amod 9 ideas idea NOUN Number=Plur 1 Stopped obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 1 Stopped punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stop participle stifled ideas vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality 2 grow gerund vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 is gerund free property tree rules 4 stifle participle vn suffocate-40.7 «NP.theme V»: agent=Patient
Example 1 She gave a stifled giggle during the assembly.
nsubj det amod obj case det obl punct root She PRON gave VERB a DET stifled VERB giggle NOUN during ADP the DET assembly NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 gave nsubj 2 gave give VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 giggle det 4 stifled stifle VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 giggle amod 5 giggle giggle NOUN Number=Sing 2 gave obj 6 during during ADP _ 8 assembly case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 assembly det 8 assembly assembly NOUN Number=Sing 2 gave obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 gave punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give past She a stifled giggle during the assembly vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent giggle=Theme 2 stifle participle vn suffocate-40.7 «NP.theme V»: agent=Patient
Example 2 I heard a stifled cry from the cupboard.
nsubj det amod obj case det obl punct root I PRON heard VERB a DET stifled VERB cry NOUN from ADP the DET cupboard NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 heard nsubj 2 heard hear VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 cry det 4 stifled stifle VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 cry amod 5 cry cry NOUN Number=Sing 2 heard obj 6 from from ADP _ 8 cupboard case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 cupboard det 8 cupboard cupboard NOUN Number=Sing 2 heard obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 heard punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hear past I a stifled cry the cupboard vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent cry=Topic from cupboard=Source 2 stifle participle vn suffocate-40.7 «NP.theme V»: agent=Patient
Example 3 He stifled a yawn as the speech went on.
nsubj det obj mark det nsubj advcl advmod punct root He PRON stifled VERB a DET yawn NOUN as SCONJ the DET speech NOUN went VERB on ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 stifled nsubj 2 stifled stifle VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 yawn det 4 yawn yawn NOUN Number=Sing 2 stifled obj 5 as as SCONJ _ 8 went mark 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 speech det 7 speech speech NOUN Number=Sing 8 went nsubj 8 went go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 stifled advcl 9 on on ADV _ 8 went advmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 stifled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stifle past He a yawn vn suffocate-40.7 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent yawn=Patient 2 go on past the speech vn function-105.2.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 4 We felt stifled in the hot, crowded bus.
nsubj xcomp case det amod punct amod obl punct root We PRON felt VERB stifled VERB in ADP the DET hot ADJ , PUNCT crowded ADJ bus NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 felt nsubj 2 felt feel VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 stifled stifle VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 felt xcomp 4 in in ADP _ 9 bus case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 bus det 6 hot hot ADJ Degree=Pos 9 bus amod 7 , , PUNCT _ 6 hot punct 8 crowded crowded ADJ Degree=Pos 9 bus amod 9 bus bus NOUN Number=Sing 3 stifled obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 felt punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 feel past We vn conjecture-29.5-2 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme 2 stifle participle We not said here the hot crowded bus vn suffocate-40.7 «NP.theme V»: agent=Patient
Example 5 A stifled sob came from the next room.
det amod nsubj case det amod obl punct root A DET stifled VERB sob NOUN came VERB from ADP the DET next ADJ room NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 sob det 2 stifled stifle VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 sob amod 3 sob sob NOUN Number=Sing 4 came nsubj 4 came come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 from from ADP _ 8 room case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 room det 7 next next ADJ Degree=Pos 8 room amod 8 room room NOUN Number=Sing 4 came obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 came punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stifle participle vn suffocate-40.7 «NP.theme V»: agent=Patient 2 come past a stifled sob the next room vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from room=Initial_Location
Example 6 Too many rules stifled their ideas.
advmod amod nsubj nmod:poss obj punct root Too ADV many ADJ rules NOUN stifled VERB their PRON ideas NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Too too ADV _ 2 many advmod 2 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 3 rules amod 3 rules rule NOUN Number=Plur 4 stifled nsubj 4 stifled stifle VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 ideas nmod:poss 6 ideas idea NOUN Number=Plur 4 stifled obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 stifled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stifle past many rules rules's ideas vn suffocate-40.7 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent idea=Patient
Example 7 At intervals, a half-stifled sigh was heard from its inmost soul; it was the soul of Helga.
The tree, 18 words case obl punct det compound punct amod nsubj aux:pass case nmod:poss amod obl punct nsubj cop det obl case nmod punct root At ADP intervals NOUN , PUNCT a DET half NOUN - PUNCT stifled VERB sigh NOUN was AUX heard VERB from ADP its PRON inmost ADJ soul NOUN ; PUNCT it PRON was AUX the DET soul NOUN of ADP Helga PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 At at ADP _ 2 intervals case 2 intervals interval NOUN Number=Plur 10 heard obl 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 intervals punct 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 sigh det 5 half half NOUN Number=Sing NumForm=Word NumType=Frac 7 stifled compound 6 - - PUNCT _ 5 half punct 7 stifled stifle VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 8 sigh amod 8 sigh sigh NOUN Number=Sing 10 heard nsubj 9 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 10 heard aux:pass 10 heard hear VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 11 from from ADP _ 14 soul case 12 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 14 soul nmod:poss 13 inmost inmost ADJ Degree=Pos 14 soul amod 14 soul soul NOUN Number=Sing 10 heard obl 15 ; ; PUNCT _ 19 soul punct 16 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 19 soul nsubj 17 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 19 soul cop 18 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 19 soul det 19 soul soul NOUN Number=Sing 10 heard obl 20 of of ADP _ 21 Helga case 21 Helga Helga PROPN Number=Sing 19 soul nmod 22 . . PUNCT _ 10 heard punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stifle participle vn suffocate-40.7 «NP.theme V»: agent=Patient 2 hear past · passive a stifled sigh intervals from sigh's inmost soul vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: subject=Topic from soul=Source 3 is a past sigh the soul of Helga tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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