stimulus Who acts: stimulus, government, economy, bright light, pupils, bell · What happens: be, cause, react, encourage, spend, help · To what, where: something, living thing, activity, money, stimulus, pupils
«stimulus» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: stimulus in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A stimulus is something that causes a living thing to react, such as light, sound, heat or touch.
The tree, 18 words det nsubj cop nsubj acl:relcl det compound obj mark advcl punct case fixed conj punct conj punct conj cc conj punct root A DET stimulus NOUN is AUX something PRON that PRON causes VERB a DET living NOUN thing NOUN to PART react VERB , PUNCT such ADJ as ADP light NOUN , PUNCT sound NOUN , PUNCT heat NOUN or CCONJ touch NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 stimulus det 2 stimulus stimulus NOUN Number=Sing 4 something nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 something cop 4 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind root root 5 that that PRON PronType=Rel 6 causes nsubj 6 causes cause VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 something acl:relcl 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 thing det 8 living living NOUN Number=Sing 9 thing compound 9 thing thing NOUN Number=Sing 6 causes obj 10 to to PART _ 11 react mark 11 react react VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 causes advcl 12 , , PUNCT _ 15 light punct 13 such such ADJ Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP 15 light case 14 as as ADP _ 13 such fixed 15 light light NOUN Number=Sing 4 something conj 16 , , PUNCT _ 17 sound punct 17 sound sound NOUN Number=Sing 15 light conj 18 , , PUNCT _ 19 heat punct 19 heat heat NOUN Number=Sing 15 light conj 20 or or CCONJ _ 21 touch cc 21 touch touch NOUN Number=Sing 19 heat conj 22 . . PUNCT _ 4 something punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a stimulus something tree rules 2 cause present a living thing vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition thing=Patient 3 react to-infinitive vn respond-113 «NP V»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A stimulus is something that encourages activity or growth, such as a reward or extra money.
The tree, 16 words det nsubj cop nsubj acl:relcl obj cc conj punct case fixed det conj cc amod conj punct root A DET stimulus NOUN is AUX something PRON that PRON encourages VERB activity NOUN or CCONJ growth NOUN , PUNCT such ADJ as ADP a DET reward NOUN or CCONJ extra ADJ money NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 stimulus det 2 stimulus stimulus NOUN Number=Sing 4 something nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 something cop 4 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind root root 5 that that PRON PronType=Rel 6 encourages nsubj 6 encourages encourage VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 something acl:relcl 7 activity activity NOUN Number=Sing 6 encourages obj 8 or or CCONJ _ 9 growth cc 9 growth growth NOUN Number=Sing 7 activity conj 10 , , PUNCT _ 14 reward punct 11 such such ADJ Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP 14 reward case 12 as as ADP _ 11 such fixed 13 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 reward det 14 reward reward NOUN Number=Sing 7 activity conj 15 or or CCONJ _ 17 money cc 16 extra extra ADJ Degree=Pos 17 money amod 17 money money NOUN Number=Sing 14 reward conj 18 . . PUNCT _ 4 something punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a stimulus something tree rules 2 encourage present activity or growth and a reward or extra money vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent activity=Theme
Meaning 3 Usage: money — kept apart, not parsed.
A stimulus is money a government spends to help the economy grow, such as stimulus payments.
The tree, 16 words det nsubj cop det nsubj acl:relcl mark xcomp det nsubj xcomp punct case fixed compound conj punct root A DET stimulus NOUN is AUX money NOUN a DET government NOUN spends VERB to PART help VERB the DET economy NOUN grow VERB , PUNCT such ADJ as ADP stimulus NOUN payments NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 stimulus det 2 stimulus stimulus NOUN Number=Sing 4 money nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 money cop 4 money money NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 government det 6 government government NOUN Number=Sing 7 spends nsubj 7 spends spend VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 money acl:relcl 8 to to PART _ 9 help mark 9 help help VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 spends xcomp 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 economy det 11 economy economy NOUN Number=Sing 12 grow nsubj 12 grow grow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 help xcomp 13 , , PUNCT _ 17 payments punct 14 such such ADJ Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP 17 payments case 15 as as ADP _ 14 such fixed 16 stimulus stimulus NOUN Number=Sing 17 payments compound 17 payments payment NOUN Number=Plur 4 money conj 18 . . PUNCT _ 4 money punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a stimulus money and stimulus payments tree rules 2 spend present a government money and stimulus payments not said here vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent money=Asset clause=Goal 3 help to-infinitive a government not said here vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme 4 grow present the economy vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 1 A bright light is a stimulus that makes your pupils shrink.
det amod nsubj cop det nsubj acl:relcl nmod:poss obj xcomp punct root A DET bright ADJ light NOUN is AUX a DET stimulus NOUN that PRON makes VERB your PRON pupils NOUN shrink VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 light det 2 bright bright ADJ Degree=Pos 3 light amod 3 light light NOUN Number=Sing 6 stimulus nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 stimulus cop 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 stimulus det 6 stimulus stimulus NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 that that PRON PronType=Rel 8 makes nsubj 8 makes make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 stimulus acl:relcl 9 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 10 pupils nmod:poss 10 pupils pupil NOUN Number=Plur 8 makes obj 11 shrink shrink VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 makes xcomp 12 . . PUNCT _ 6 stimulus punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a bright light a stimulus tree rules 2 make present a stimulus your pupils tree rules 3 shrink present your pupils not said here vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
Example 2 The bell was a stimulus that made the dogs expect food.
det nsubj cop det nsubj acl:relcl det nsubj ccomp obj punct root The DET bell NOUN was AUX a DET stimulus NOUN that PRON made VERB the DET dogs NOUN expect VERB food NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 bell det 2 bell bell NOUN Number=Sing 5 stimulus nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 stimulus cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 stimulus det 5 stimulus stimulus NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 that that PRON PronType=Rel 7 made nsubj 7 made make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 stimulus acl:relcl 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 dogs det 9 dogs dog NOUN Number=Plur 10 expect nsubj 10 expect expect VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 made ccomp 11 food food NOUN Number=Sing 10 expect obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 5 stimulus punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past the bell a stimulus tree rules 2 make past a stimulus tree rules 3 expect present the dogs food vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Theme
Example 3 Plants grow towards the stimulus of light.
nsubj case det obl case nmod punct root Plants NOUN grow VERB towards ADP the DET stimulus NOUN of ADP light NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Plants plant NOUN Number=Plur 2 grow nsubj 2 grow grow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 towards towards ADP _ 5 stimulus case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 stimulus det 5 stimulus stimulus NOUN Number=Sing 2 grow obl 6 of of ADP _ 7 light case 7 light light NOUN Number=Sing 5 stimulus nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 grow punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 grow present Plants towards the stimulus of light vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 4 Touching a hot pan is a stimulus; pulling your hand away is the response.
The tree, 14 words csubj det amod obj cop det punct csubj nmod:poss obj advmod cop det conj punct root Touching VERB a DET hot ADJ pan NOUN is AUX a DET stimulus NOUN ; PUNCT pulling VERB your PRON hand NOUN away ADV is AUX the DET response NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Touching touch VERB VerbForm=Ger 7 stimulus csubj 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 pan det 3 hot hot ADJ Degree=Pos 4 pan amod 4 pan pan NOUN Number=Sing 1 Touching obj 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 stimulus cop 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 stimulus det 7 stimulus stimulus NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 ; ; PUNCT _ 15 response punct 9 pulling pull VERB VerbForm=Ger 15 response csubj 10 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 11 hand nmod:poss 11 hand hand NOUN Number=Sing 9 pulling obj 12 away away ADV _ 9 pulling advmod 13 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 15 response cop 14 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 15 response det 15 response response NOUN Number=Sing 7 stimulus conj 16 . . PUNCT _ 7 stimulus punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 touch gerund a hot pan vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme pan=Co-Theme 2 is a present Touching a stimulus and the response tree rules 3 pull away gerund your hand away property tree rules 4 is a present pulling the response tree rules
Example 5 The prize was a stimulus to work harder.
det nsubj cop det mark acl advmod punct root The DET prize NOUN was AUX a DET stimulus NOUN to PART work VERB harder ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 prize det 2 prize prize NOUN Number=Sing 5 stimulus nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 stimulus cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 stimulus det 5 stimulus stimulus NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 to to PART _ 7 work mark 7 work work VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 stimulus acl 8 harder hard ADV Degree=Cmp 7 work advmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 stimulus punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past the prize a stimulus tree rules 2 work to-infinitive hard property vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 6 The government gave a stimulus payment to families.
det nsubj det compound obj case nmod punct root The DET government NOUN gave VERB a DET stimulus NOUN payment NOUN to ADP families NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 government det 2 government government NOUN Number=Sing 3 gave nsubj 3 gave give VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 payment det 5 stimulus stimulus NOUN Number=Sing 6 payment compound 6 payment payment NOUN Number=Sing 3 gave obj 7 to to ADP _ 8 families case 8 families family NOUN Number=Plur 6 payment nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 gave punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give past the government a stimulus payment families vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent payment=Theme to family=Recipient
Example 7 Different stimuli make us react in different ways.
amod nsubj obj xcomp case amod obl punct root Different ADJ stimuli NOUN make VERB us PRON react VERB in ADP different ADJ ways NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Different different ADJ Degree=Pos 2 stimuli amod 2 stimuli stimulus NOUN Number=Plur 3 make nsubj 3 make make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 us we PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 make obj 5 react react VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 make xcomp 6 in in ADP _ 8 ways case 7 different different ADJ Degree=Pos 8 ways amod 8 ways way NOUN Number=Plur 5 react obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 make punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make present Different stimuli us tree rules 2 react infinitive us not said here different ways vn respond-113 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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