stopping Who acts: bus, We, train, Rain, Cars, goalkeeper · What happens: stop, mean, come, move, make, stay · To what, where: end, someone, ball, next station, long stopping distance, wet roads
«stopping» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: stopping in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Stopping means coming to an end or no longer moving.
nsubj xcomp case det obl cc advmod advmod conj punct root Stopping VERB means VERB coming VERB to ADP an DET end NOUN or CCONJ no ADV longer ADV moving VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Stopping stop VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 coming come VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 means xcomp 4 to to ADP _ 6 end case 5 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 end det 6 end end NOUN Number=Sing 3 coming obl 7 or or CCONJ _ 10 moving cc 8 no no ADV _ 9 longer advmod 9 longer long ADV Degree=Cmp 10 moving advmod 10 moving move VERB VerbForm=Ger 3 coming conj 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stop gerund vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 come not said to happen gerund to a end vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to end=Initial_Location 4 move gerund long property vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
The bus is stopping.
det nsubj aux punct root The DET bus NOUN is AUX stopping VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 bus det 2 bus bus NOUN Number=Sing 4 stopping nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 stopping aux 4 stopping stop VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 5 . . PUNCT _ 4 stopping punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stop present · progressive the bus vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
Meaning 2 Stopping can mean making someone or something stop: stopping the ball.
nsubj aux xcomp obj cc compound conj punct advcl det obj punct root Stopping VERB can AUX mean VERB making VERB someone PRON or CCONJ something PRON stop NOUN : PUNCT stopping VERB the DET ball NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Stopping stop VERB VerbForm=Ger 3 mean nsubj 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 mean aux 3 mean mean VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 making make VERB VerbForm=Ger 3 mean xcomp 5 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 4 making obj 6 or or CCONJ _ 8 stop cc 7 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 8 stop compound 8 stop stop NOUN Number=Sing 5 someone conj 9 : : PUNCT _ 10 stopping punct 10 stopping stop VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 4 making advcl 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 ball det 12 ball ball NOUN Number=Sing 10 stopping obj 13 . . PUNCT _ 3 mean punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stop gerund vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality 2 mean can vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 make not said to happen gerund someone vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset someone=Product 4 stop gerund the ball vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality ball=Eventuality
Meaning 3 Stopping can mean staying somewhere for a short time.
nsubj aux xcomp advmod case det amod obl punct root Stopping VERB can AUX mean VERB staying VERB somewhere ADV for ADP a DET short ADJ time NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Stopping stop VERB VerbForm=Ger 3 mean nsubj 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 mean aux 3 mean mean VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 staying stay VERB VerbForm=Ger 3 mean xcomp 5 somewhere somewhere ADV PronType=Ind 4 staying advmod 6 for for ADP _ 9 time case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 time det 8 short short ADJ Degree=Pos 9 time amod 9 time time NOUN Number=Sing 4 staying obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 mean punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stop gerund vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality 2 mean can vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 stay not said to happen gerund time somewhere property vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
We are stopping at Gran's tonight.
nsubj aux case nmod:poss case obl punct root We PRON are AUX stopping VERB at ADP Gran PROPN 's PART tonight NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 stopping nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 stopping aux 3 stopping stop VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 at at ADP _ 7 tonight case 5 Gran Gran PROPN Number=Sing 7 tonight nmod:poss 6 's 's PART _ 5 Gran case 7 tonight tonight NOUN Number=Sing 3 stopping obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 stopping punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stop present · progressive We tonight vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
Example 1 The train is stopping at the next station.
det nsubj aux case det amod obl punct root The DET train NOUN is AUX stopping VERB at ADP the DET next ADJ station NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 train det 2 train train NOUN Number=Sing 4 stopping nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 stopping aux 4 stopping stop VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 5 at at ADP _ 8 station case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 station det 7 next next ADJ Degree=Pos 8 station amod 8 station station NOUN Number=Sing 4 stopping obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 stopping punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stop present · progressive the train the next station vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at station=Location
Example 2 Rain is not stopping soon.
nsubj aux advmod advmod punct root Rain NOUN is AUX not PART stopping VERB soon ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Rain rain NOUN Number=Sing 4 stopping nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 stopping aux 3 not not PART Polarity=Neg 4 stopping advmod 4 stopping stop VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 5 soon soon ADV Degree=Pos 4 stopping advmod 6 . . PUNCT _ 4 stopping punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not stop present · progressive Rain soon property vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
Example 3 Cars need a long stopping distance on wet roads.
nsubj det amod compound obj case amod nmod punct root Cars NOUN need VERB a DET long ADJ stopping NOUN distance NOUN on ADP wet ADJ roads NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Cars car NOUN Number=Plur 2 need nsubj 2 need need VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 distance det 4 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 6 distance amod 5 stopping stopping NOUN Number=Sing 6 distance compound 6 distance distance NOUN Number=Sing 2 need obj 7 on on ADP _ 9 roads case 8 wet wet ADJ Degree=Pos 9 roads amod 9 roads road NOUN Number=Plur 6 distance nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 need punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 need present Cars a long stopping distance wet roads vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot distance=Theme
Example 4 The goalkeeper is good at stopping penalties.
det nsubj cop mark advcl obj punct root The DET goalkeeper NOUN is AUX good ADJ at SCONJ stopping VERB penalties NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 goalkeeper det 2 goalkeeper goalkeeper NOUN Number=Sing 4 good nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 good cop 4 good good ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 at at SCONJ _ 6 stopping mark 6 stopping stop VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 4 good advcl 7 penalties penalty NOUN Number=Plur 6 stopping obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 good punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present the goalkeeper good property tree rules 2 stop gerund the goalkeeper not said here penalties vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality penalty=Eventuality
Example 5 He ran without stopping.
nsubj mark advcl punct root He PRON ran VERB without SCONJ stopping VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 ran nsubj 2 ran run VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 without without SCONJ _ 4 stopping mark 4 stopping stop VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 2 ran advcl 5 . . PUNCT _ 2 ran punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 run past He vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 stop gerund He not said here vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
Example 6 We are stopping at a café for lunch.
nsubj aux case det obl case nmod punct root We PRON are AUX stopping VERB at ADP a DET café NOUN for ADP lunch NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 stopping nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 stopping aux 3 stopping stop VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 at at ADP _ 6 café case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 café det 6 café café NOUN Number=Sing 3 stopping obl 7 for for ADP _ 8 lunch case 8 lunch lunch NOUN Number=Sing 6 café nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 stopping punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stop present · progressive We a café for lunch vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at café=Location
Example 7 Brakes make the bike stop by friction.
nsubj det compound obj case obl punct root Brakes NOUN make VERB the DET bike NOUN stop NOUN by ADP friction NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Brakes brake NOUN Number=Plur 2 make nsubj 2 make make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 stop det 4 bike bike NOUN Number=Sing 5 stop compound 5 stop stop NOUN Number=Sing 2 make obj 6 by by ADP _ 7 friction case 7 friction friction NOUN Number=Sing 2 make obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 make punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make present Brakes the bike stop by friction vn build-26.1-1 «NP.material V NP»: agent=Material stop=Product
Example 8 Thank you for stopping by.
obj mark advcl fixed punct root Thank VERB you PRON for SCONJ stopping VERB by ADP . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Thank thank VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 2 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 1 Thank obj 3 for for SCONJ _ 4 stopping mark 4 stopping stop VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 1 Thank advcl 5 by by ADP _ 4 stopping fixed 6 . . PUNCT _ 1 Thank punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 thank speech: thank present you vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Theme 2 stop by gerund vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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