subject Who acts: you, something, subject, thing, dog, verb · What happens: learn, be, do, bark, act, rule · To what, where: Something, school, person, grammar, action, subject · Speech: someone speaks here
«subject» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: subject in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Something you learn at school, such as maths, English or science.
obl nsubj case obl punct case fixed conj punct appos cc conj punct root Something PRON you PRON learn VERB at ADP school NOUN , PUNCT such ADJ as ADP maths NOUN , PUNCT English PROPN or CCONJ science NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 3 learn obl 2 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 3 learn nsubj 3 learn learn VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 at at ADP _ 5 school case 5 school school NOUN Number=Sing 3 learn obl 6 , , PUNCT _ 9 maths punct 7 such such ADJ Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP 9 maths case 8 as as ADP _ 7 such fixed 9 maths math NOUN Number=Plur 5 school conj 10 , , PUNCT _ 11 English punct 11 English English PROPN Number=Sing 9 maths appos 12 or or CCONJ _ 13 science cc 13 science science NOUN Number=Sing 11 English conj 14 . . PUNCT _ 3 learn punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 learn present you Something school and maths vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 What something is about.
nsubj cop advmod punct root What PRON something PRON is AUX about ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 What what PRON PronType=Int root root 2 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 1 What nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 1 What cop 4 about about ADV _ 1 What advmod 5 . . PUNCT _ 1 What punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present something about property tree rules
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
"the subject of the story" or the topic of a talk.
punct det case det nmod punct cc det conj case det nmod punct root " PUNCT the DET subject NOUN of ADP the DET story NOUN " PUNCT or CCONJ the DET topic NOUN of ADP a DET talk NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 3 subject punct 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 subject det 3 subject subject NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 of of ADP _ 6 story case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 story det 6 story story NOUN Number=Sing 3 subject nmod 7 " " PUNCT _ 6 story punct 8 or or CCONJ _ 10 topic cc 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 topic det 10 topic topic NOUN Number=Sing 6 story conj 11 of of ADP _ 13 talk case 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 talk det 13 talk talk NOUN Number=Sing 10 topic nmod 14 . . PUNCT _ 3 subject punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Meaning 3 In grammar, the subject is the person or thing that does the action of the verb: in "The dog barks", "the dog" is the subject.
The tree, 25 words case obl punct det nsubj cop det cc conj nsubj acl:relcl det obj case det nmod punct mark punct det nsubj conj punct punct punct det nsubj punct cop det advcl punct root In ADP grammar NOUN , PUNCT the DET subject NOUN is AUX the DET person NOUN or CCONJ thing NOUN that PRON does VERB the DET action NOUN of ADP the DET verb NOUN : PUNCT in SCONJ " PUNCT The DET dog NOUN barks VERB " PUNCT , PUNCT " PUNCT the DET dog NOUN " PUNCT is AUX the DET subject NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 grammar case 2 grammar grammar NOUN Number=Sing 8 person obl 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 grammar punct 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 subject det 5 subject subject NOUN Number=Sing 8 person nsubj 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 person cop 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 person det 8 person person NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 or or CCONJ _ 10 thing cc 10 thing thing NOUN Number=Sing 8 person conj 11 that that PRON PronType=Rel 12 does nsubj 12 does do VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 thing acl:relcl 13 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 action det 14 action action NOUN Number=Sing 12 does obj 15 of of ADP _ 17 verb case 16 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 17 verb det 17 verb verb NOUN Number=Sing 14 action nmod 18 : : PUNCT _ 23 barks punct 19 in in SCONJ _ 23 barks mark 20 " " PUNCT _ 23 barks punct 21 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 22 dog det 22 dog dog NOUN Number=Sing 23 barks nsubj 23 barks bark VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 person conj 24 " " PUNCT _ 23 barks punct 25 , , PUNCT _ 32 subject punct 26 " " PUNCT _ 28 dog punct 27 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 28 dog det 28 dog dog NOUN Number=Sing 32 subject nsubj 29 " " PUNCT _ 28 dog punct 30 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 32 subject cop 31 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 32 subject det 32 subject subject NOUN Number=Sing 23 barks advcl 33 . . PUNCT _ 8 person punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the subject the person or thing grammar tree rules 2 do present thing the action of the verb vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent action=Eventuality 3 bark in a quote present the dog vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent 4 is a present the dog the subject tree rules 5 act the verb nom action «act intransitive»: of=agent
Meaning 4 A person ruled by a king or queen.
det acl case det obl cc conj punct root A DET person NOUN ruled VERB by ADP a DET king NOUN or CCONJ queen NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 person det 2 person person NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 ruled rule VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 person acl 4 by by ADP _ 6 king case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 king det 6 king king NOUN Number=Sing 3 ruled obl 7 or or CCONJ _ 8 queen cc 8 queen queen NOUN Number=Sing 6 king conj 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 person punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 rule participle a person not said here by a king or queen vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Meaning 5 "Subject to" means likely to be affected by, or depending on.
The tree, 11 words punct nsubj case punct xcomp mark aux:pass xcomp obl punct cc ccomp compound:prt punct root " PUNCT Subject NOUN to ADP " PUNCT means VERB likely ADJ to PART be AUX affected VERB by ADP , PUNCT or CCONJ depending VERB on ADP . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 2 Subject punct 2 Subject subject NOUN Number=Sing 5 means nsubj 3 to to ADP _ 4 " case 4 " " PUNCT _ 2 Subject punct 5 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 likely likely ADJ Degree=Pos 5 means xcomp 7 to to PART _ 9 affected mark 8 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 9 affected aux:pass 9 affected affect VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 likely xcomp 10 by by ADP _ 9 affected obl 11 , , PUNCT _ 13 depending punct 12 or or CCONJ _ 13 depending cc 13 depending depend VERB VerbForm=Ger 5 means ccomp 14 on on ADP _ 13 depending compound:prt 15 . . PUNCT _ 5 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Subject likely property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 affect to-infinitive · passive Subject not said here vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle» 3 depend on gerund vn rely-70 «NP V PP.theme S_ING»: agent=Agent
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
"subject to change".
punct case nmod punct punct root " PUNCT subject NOUN to ADP change NOUN " PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 2 subject punct 2 subject subject NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 to to ADP _ 4 change case 4 change change NOUN Number=Sing 2 subject nmod 5 " " PUNCT _ 2 subject punct 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 subject punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 1 My favourite subject is art.
nmod:poss amod nsubj cop punct root My PRON favourite ADJ subject NOUN is AUX art NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 subject nmod:poss 2 favourite favourite ADJ Degree=Pos 3 subject amod 3 subject subject NOUN Number=Sing 5 art nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 art cop 5 art art NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 . . PUNCT _ 5 art punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present My favourite subject art tree rules
Example 2 Let's change the subject.
obj xcomp det obj punct root Let VERB 's PRON change VERB the DET subject NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Let let VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 's we PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 1 Let obj 3 change change VERB VerbForm=Inf 1 Let xcomp 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 subject det 5 subject subject NOUN Number=Sing 3 change obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 1 Let punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 let imperative you not said here 's tree rules 2 change infinitive 's not said here the subject vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient
Example 3 In "Tom kicked the ball", Tom is the subject.
mark punct nsubj advcl det obj punct punct nsubj cop det punct root In SCONJ " PUNCT Tom PROPN kicked VERB the DET ball NOUN " PUNCT , PUNCT Tom PROPN is AUX the DET subject NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in SCONJ _ 4 kicked mark 2 " " PUNCT _ 4 kicked punct 3 Tom Tom PROPN Number=Sing 4 kicked nsubj 4 kicked kick VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 12 subject advcl 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 ball det 6 ball ball NOUN Number=Sing 4 kicked obj 7 " " PUNCT _ 4 kicked punct 8 , , PUNCT _ 4 kicked punct 9 Tom Tom PROPN Number=Sing 12 subject nsubj 10 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 subject cop 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 subject det 12 subject subject NOUN Number=Sing root root 13 . . PUNCT _ 12 subject punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 kick in a quote past Tom the ball vn split-23.2 «NP V NP apart»: agent=Agent ball=Patient 2 is a present Tom the subject tree rules
Example 4 The subject of the poem is the sea.
det nsubj case det nmod cop det punct root The DET subject NOUN of ADP the DET poem NOUN is AUX the DET sea NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 subject det 2 subject subject NOUN Number=Sing 8 sea nsubj 3 of of ADP _ 5 poem case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 poem det 5 poem poem NOUN Number=Sing 2 subject nmod 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 sea cop 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 sea det 8 sea sea NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 . . PUNCT _ 8 sea punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the subject of the poem the sea tree rules
Example 5 The king spoke to his subjects.
det nsubj case nmod:poss obl punct root The DET king NOUN spoke VERB to ADP his PRON subjects NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 king det 2 king king NOUN Number=Sing 3 spoke nsubj 3 spoke speak VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 to to ADP _ 6 subjects case 5 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 subjects nmod:poss 6 subjects subject NOUN Number=Plur 3 spoke obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 spoke punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 speak speech: other past the king to king's subjects vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to subject=Co-Agent
Example 6 Write a clear subject line in your email.
det amod compound obj case nmod:poss obl punct root Write VERB a DET clear ADJ subject NOUN line NOUN in ADP your PRON email NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Write write VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 line det 3 clear clear ADJ Degree=Pos 5 line amod 4 subject subject NOUN Number=Sing 5 line compound 5 line line NOUN Number=Sing 1 Write obj 6 in in ADP _ 8 email case 7 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 email nmod:poss 8 email email NOUN Number=Sing 1 Write obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 1 Write punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 write imperative you not said here a clear subject line your email vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent line=Theme in email=Destination 2 email your nom email «communication transitive»: poss=agent
Example 7 Times are subject to change because of the weather.
nsubj cop mark xcomp case fixed det obl punct root Times NOUN are AUX subject ADJ to PART change VERB because ADP of ADP the DET weather NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Times time NOUN Number=Plur 3 subject nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 subject cop 3 subject subject ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 to to PART _ 5 change mark 5 change change VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 subject xcomp 6 because because ADP ExtPos=ADP 9 weather case 7 of of ADP _ 6 because fixed 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 weather det 9 weather weather NOUN Number=Sing 5 change obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 subject punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Times subject property tree rules 2 change to-infinitive Times not said here because the weather vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 8 There dwell the Sea King and his subjects.
expl det compound obj cc nmod:poss conj punct root There PRON dwell VERB the DET Sea PROPN King PROPN and CCONJ his PRON subjects NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 There there PRON PronType=Dem 2 dwell expl 2 dwell dwell VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 King det 4 Sea Sea PROPN Number=Sing 5 King compound 5 King King PROPN Number=Sing 2 dwell obj 6 and and CCONJ _ 8 subjects cc 7 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 subjects nmod:poss 8 subjects subject NOUN Number=Plur 5 King conj 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 dwell punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 dwell present the Sea King and his subjects there vn lodge-46 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme king=Location
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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