sugar Who acts: Sugar, Sugars, recipe, She, many more cups, He · What happens: be, make, use, come, call, put · To what, where: sweet food, grains, cakes, sugar cane, sweet substances, food · Speech: someone speaks here
«sugar» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 10 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: sugar in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Sugar is a sweet food made into grains, white or brown, used in cakes and drinks; it comes from sugar cane or sugar beet.
The tree, 24 words nsubj cop det amod acl case obl punct amod cc conj punct acl case obl cc conj punct nsubj conj case compound obl cc compound conj punct root Sugar NOUN is AUX a DET sweet ADJ food NOUN made VERB into ADP grains NOUN , PUNCT white ADJ or CCONJ brown ADJ , PUNCT used VERB in ADP cakes NOUN and CCONJ drinks NOUN ; PUNCT it PRON comes VERB from ADP sugar NOUN cane NOUN or CCONJ sugar NOUN beet NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Sugar sugar NOUN Number=Sing 5 food nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 food cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 food det 4 sweet sweet ADJ Degree=Pos 5 food amod 5 food food NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 made make VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 food acl 7 into into ADP _ 8 grains case 8 grains grain NOUN Number=Plur 6 made obl 9 , , PUNCT _ 10 white punct 10 white white ADJ Degree=Pos 8 grains amod 11 or or CCONJ _ 12 brown cc 12 brown brown ADJ Degree=Pos 10 white conj 13 , , PUNCT _ 14 used punct 14 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 8 grains acl 15 in in ADP _ 16 cakes case 16 cakes cake NOUN Number=Plur 14 used obl 17 and and CCONJ _ 18 drinks cc 18 drinks drink NOUN Number=Plur 16 cakes conj 19 ; ; PUNCT _ 21 comes punct 20 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 21 comes nsubj 21 comes come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 food conj 22 from from ADP _ 24 cane case 23 sugar sugar NOUN Number=Sing 24 cane compound 24 cane cane NOUN Number=Sing 21 comes obl 25 or or CCONJ _ 27 beet cc 26 sugar sugar NOUN Number=Sing 27 beet compound 27 beet beet NOUN Number=Sing 24 cane conj 28 . . PUNCT _ 5 food punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Sugar a sweet food tree rules 2 make participle a sweet food not said here grains vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP.material PP.product»: agent=Agent into grain=Product 3 use participle grains not said here cakes and drinks vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 4 come present Sugar sugar cane or sugar beet vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from cane=Initial_Location
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Sugars are sweet substances in food, like those in fruit and milk.
nsubj cop amod case nmod punct case conj case nmod cc conj punct root Sugars NOUN are AUX sweet ADJ substances NOUN in ADP food NOUN , PUNCT like ADP those PRON in ADP fruit NOUN and CCONJ milk NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Sugars sugar NOUN Number=Plur 4 substances nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 substances cop 3 sweet sweet ADJ Degree=Pos 4 substances amod 4 substances substance NOUN Number=Plur root root 5 in in ADP _ 6 food case 6 food food NOUN Number=Sing 4 substances nmod 7 , , PUNCT _ 9 those punct 8 like like ADP _ 9 those case 9 those that PRON Number=Plur PronType=Dem 4 substances conj 10 in in ADP _ 11 fruit case 11 fruit fruit NOUN Number=Sing 9 those nmod 12 and and CCONJ _ 13 milk cc 13 milk milk NOUN Number=Sing 11 fruit conj 14 . . PUNCT _ 4 substances punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Sugars sweet substances food tree rules
Meaning 3 «Sugar» can be a fond name for someone, like «honey».
The tree, 10 words punct nsubj punct aux cop det amod case nmod punct case punct parataxis punct punct root « PUNCT Sugar NOUN » PUNCT can AUX be AUX a DET fond ADJ name NOUN for ADP someone PRON , PUNCT like ADP « PUNCT honey NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 2 Sugar punct 2 Sugar sugar NOUN Number=Sing 8 name nsubj 3 » » PUNCT _ 2 Sugar punct 4 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 8 name aux 5 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 8 name cop 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 name det 7 fond fond ADJ Degree=Pos 8 name amod 8 name name NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 for for ADP _ 10 someone case 10 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 8 name nmod 11 , , PUNCT _ 14 honey punct 12 like like ADP _ 14 honey case 13 « « PUNCT _ 14 honey punct 14 honey honey NOUN Number=Sing 8 name parataxis 15 » » PUNCT _ 14 honey punct 16 . . PUNCT _ 8 name punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a can Sugar a fond name for someone tree rules
Example 1 The recipe calls for 2 cups of sugar.
det nsubj case nummod obl case nmod punct root The DET recipe NOUN calls VERB for ADP 2 NUM cups NOUN of ADP sugar NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 recipe det 2 recipe recipe NOUN Number=Sing 3 calls nsubj 3 calls call VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 for for ADP _ 6 cups case 5 2 2 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 6 cups nummod 6 cups cup NOUN Number=Plur 3 calls obl 7 of of ADP _ 8 sugar case 8 sugar sugar NOUN Number=Sing 6 cups nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 calls punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 call present the recipe for 2 cups of sugar vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V PP.recipient S_INF»: agent=Agent for cup=Recipient
Example 2 She already put in 1 cup.
nsubj advmod case nummod obl punct root She PRON already ADV put VERB in ADP 1 NUM cup NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 put nsubj 2 already already ADV _ 3 put advmod 3 put put VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 in in ADP _ 6 cup case 5 1 1 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 6 cup nummod 6 cup cup NOUN Number=Sing 3 put obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 put punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 put past She 1 cup vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in cup=Destination
Example 3 How many more cups of sugar does she need?
advmod amod amod nsubj case nmod aux nsubj punct root How ADV many ADJ more ADJ cups NOUN of ADP sugar NOUN does AUX she PRON need VERB ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 How how ADV PronType=Int 2 many advmod 2 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 4 cups amod 3 more more ADJ Degree=Cmp 4 cups amod 4 cups cup NOUN Number=Plur 9 need nsubj 5 of of ADP _ 6 sugar case 6 sugar sugar NOUN Number=Sing 4 cups nmod 7 does do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 need aux 8 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 need nsubj 9 need need VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 10 ? ? PUNCT _ 9 need punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 need present · do-support many more cups of sugar vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot
Example 4 He bought 4 pounds of sugar.
nsubj nummod obj case nmod punct root He PRON bought VERB 4 NUM pounds NOUN of ADP sugar NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 bought nsubj 2 bought buy VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 4 4 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 pounds nummod 4 pounds pound NOUN Number=Plur 2 bought obj 5 of of ADP _ 6 sugar case 6 sugar sugar NOUN Number=Sing 4 pounds nmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 bought punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 buy past He 4 pounds of sugar vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pound=Theme
Example 5 Do you take sugar in your tea?
aux nsubj obj case nmod:poss obl punct root Do AUX you PRON take VERB sugar NOUN in ADP your PRON tea NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Do do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 take aux 2 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 3 take nsubj 3 take take VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 sugar sugar NOUN Number=Sing 3 take obj 5 in in ADP _ 7 tea case 6 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 tea nmod:poss 7 tea tea NOUN Number=Sing 3 take obl 8 ? ? PUNCT _ 3 take punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 take present · do-support you sugar your tea vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent sugar=Value in tea=Location
Example 6 Too much sugar is bad for your teeth.
advmod amod nsubj cop case nmod:poss obl punct root Too ADV much ADJ sugar NOUN is AUX bad ADJ for ADP your PRON teeth NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Too too ADV _ 2 much advmod 2 much much ADJ Degree=Pos 3 sugar amod 3 sugar sugar NOUN Number=Sing 5 bad nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 bad cop 5 bad bad ADJ Degree=Pos root root 6 for for ADP _ 8 teeth case 7 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 teeth nmod:poss 8 teeth tooth NOUN Number=Plur 5 bad obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 bad punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present much sugar for your teeth; bad property tree rules
Example 7 Sugar dissolves in hot water.
nsubj case amod obl punct root Sugar NOUN dissolves VERB in ADP hot ADJ water NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Sugar sugar NOUN Number=Sing 2 dissolves nsubj 2 dissolves dissolve VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 in in ADP _ 5 water case 4 hot hot ADJ Degree=Pos 5 water amod 5 water water NOUN Number=Sing 2 dissolves obl 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 dissolves punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 dissolve present Sugar hot water vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
Example 8 This drink is sugar-free.
det nsubj cop compound punct punct root This DET drink NOUN is AUX sugar NOUN - PUNCT free ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 This this DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 2 drink det 2 drink drink NOUN Number=Sing 6 free nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 free cop 4 sugar sugar NOUN Number=Sing 6 free compound 5 - - PUNCT _ 4 sugar punct 6 free free ADJ Degree=Pos root root 7 . . PUNCT _ 6 free punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present this drink free property tree rules
Example 9 Sugar cane grows in hot places.
compound nsubj case amod obl punct root Sugar NOUN cane NOUN grows VERB in ADP hot ADJ places NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Sugar sugar NOUN Number=Sing 2 cane compound 2 cane cane NOUN Number=Sing 3 grows nsubj 3 grows grow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 in in ADP _ 6 places case 5 hot hot ADJ Degree=Pos 6 places amod 6 places place NOUN Number=Plur 3 grows obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 grows punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 grow present Sugar cane hot places vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in place=Location
Example 10 Sprinkle icing sugar on the cake.
xcomp obj case det obl punct root Sprinkle VERB icing VERB sugar NOUN on ADP the DET cake NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Sprinkle sprinkle VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 icing ice VERB VerbForm=Ger 1 Sprinkle xcomp 3 sugar sugar NOUN Number=Sing 2 icing obj 4 on on ADP _ 6 cake case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 cake det 6 cake cake NOUN Number=Sing 2 icing obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 1 Sprinkle punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sprinkle imperative you not said here tree rules 2 ice gerund you not said here sugar the cake vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent sugar=Destination
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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