sumerian Who acts: Sumerian, world, they, Sumerians, We, 60 minutes · What happens: mean, do, civilise, be, speak, write · To what, where: southern Mesopotamia, person, Sumer, language, cuneiform, clay tablets · Speech: someone speaks here
«sumerian» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: sumerian in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Sumerian means from or to do with Sumer, one of the world's first civilisations, in southern Mesopotamia (now southern Iraq), about 5,000 years ago.
The tree, 25 words nsubj mark cc mark ccomp case obl punct appos case det nmod:poss case amod nmod punct case amod obl punct advmod amod appos punct punct advmod nummod obl:unmarked advmod punct root Sumerian NOUN means VERB from SCONJ or CCONJ to PART do VERB with ADP Sumer PROPN , PUNCT one NUM of ADP the DET world NOUN 's PART first ADJ civilisations NOUN , PUNCT in ADP southern ADJ Mesopotamia PROPN ( PUNCT now ADV southern ADJ Iraq PROPN ) PUNCT , PUNCT about ADV 5,000 NUM years NOUN ago ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Sumerian sumerian NOUN Number=Sing 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 from from SCONJ _ 6 do mark 4 or or CCONJ _ 6 do cc 5 to to PART _ 6 do mark 6 do do VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 means ccomp 7 with with ADP _ 8 Sumer case 8 Sumer Sumer PROPN Number=Sing 6 do obl 9 , , PUNCT _ 10 one punct 10 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 8 Sumer appos 11 of of ADP _ 16 civilisations case 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 world det 13 world world NOUN Number=Sing 16 civilisations nmod:poss 14 's 's PART _ 13 world case 15 first first ADJ Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord 16 civilisations amod 16 civilisations civilisation NOUN Number=Plur 10 one nmod 17 , , PUNCT _ 20 Mesopotamia punct 18 in in ADP _ 20 Mesopotamia case 19 southern southern ADJ Degree=Pos 20 Mesopotamia amod 20 Mesopotamia Mesopotamia PROPN Number=Sing 6 do obl 21 ( ( PUNCT _ 24 Iraq punct 22 now now ADV PronType=Dem 24 Iraq advmod 23 southern southern ADJ Degree=Pos 24 Iraq amod 24 Iraq Iraq PROPN Number=Sing 20 Mesopotamia appos 25 ) ) PUNCT _ 24 Iraq punct 26 , , PUNCT _ 30 ago punct 27 about about ADV _ 28 5,000 advmod 28 5,000 5000 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 29 years nummod 29 years year NOUN Number=Plur 30 ago obl:unmarked 30 ago ago ADV _ 2 means advmod 31 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Sumerian ago property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 do not said to happen to-infinitive southern Mesopotamia with Sumer vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 civilise the world nom civilisation «process transitive»: poss=agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A Sumerian was a person from Sumer.
det nsubj cop det case nmod punct root A DET Sumerian PROPN was AUX a DET person NOUN from ADP Sumer PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 Sumerian det 2 Sumerian Sumerian PROPN Number=Sing 5 person nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 person cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 person det 5 person person NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 from from ADP _ 7 Sumer case 7 Sumer Sumer PROPN Number=Sing 5 person nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 person punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past a Sumerian a person Sumer tree rules
Meaning 3 Sumerian is the language they spoke, written in cuneiform, one of the oldest written languages.
The tree, 15 words nsubj cop det nsubj acl:relcl punct acl case obl punct appos case det amod amod nmod punct root Sumerian NOUN is AUX the DET language NOUN they PRON spoke VERB , PUNCT written VERB in ADP cuneiform NOUN , PUNCT one NUM of ADP the DET oldest ADJ written VERB languages NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Sumerian sumerian NOUN Number=Sing 4 language nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 language cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 language det 4 language language NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 spoke nsubj 6 spoke speak VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 language acl:relcl 7 , , PUNCT _ 8 written punct 8 written write VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 language acl 9 in in ADP _ 10 cuneiform case 10 cuneiform cuneiform NOUN Number=Sing 8 written obl 11 , , PUNCT _ 12 one punct 12 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 10 cuneiform appos 13 of of ADP _ 17 languages case 14 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 17 languages det 15 oldest old ADJ Degree=Sup 17 languages amod 16 written write VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 17 languages amod 17 languages language NOUN Number=Plur 12 one nmod 18 . . PUNCT _ 4 language punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Sumerian the language tree rules 2 speak speech: other past they the language not said here tree rules 3 write participle the language not said here cuneiform vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in cuneiform=Destination 4 write participle vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 1 The Sumerians wrote on clay tablets.
det nsubj case compound obl punct root The DET Sumerians PROPN wrote VERB on ADP clay NOUN tablets NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 Sumerians det 2 Sumerians Sumerian PROPN Number=Plur 3 wrote nsubj 3 wrote write VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 on on ADP _ 6 tablets case 5 clay clay NOUN Number=Sing 6 tablets compound 6 tablets tablet NOUN Number=Plur 3 wrote obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 wrote punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 write past the Sumerians clay tablets vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent on tablet=Destination
Example 2 Sumerian cities were built between two rivers.
amod nsubj:pass aux:pass case nummod obl punct root Sumerian ADJ cities NOUN were AUX built VERB between ADP two NUM rivers NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Sumerian sumerian ADJ Degree=Pos 2 cities amod 2 cities city NOUN Number=Plur 4 built nsubj:pass 3 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 built aux:pass 4 built build VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 between between ADP _ 7 rivers case 6 two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 7 rivers nummod 7 rivers river NOUN Number=Plur 4 built obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 built punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 build past · passive Sumerian cities between two rivers vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product
Example 3 We made Sumerian cuneiform with lolly sticks and clay.
nsubj compound obj case compound nmod cc conj punct root We PRON made VERB Sumerian PROPN cuneiform NOUN with ADP lolly NOUN sticks NOUN and CCONJ clay NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 made nsubj 2 made make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 Sumerian Sumerian PROPN Number=Sing 4 cuneiform compound 4 cuneiform cuneiform NOUN Number=Sing 2 made obj 5 with with ADP _ 7 sticks case 6 lolly lolly NOUN Number=Sing 7 sticks compound 7 sticks stick NOUN Number=Plur 4 cuneiform nmod 8 and and CCONJ _ 9 clay cc 9 clay clay NOUN Number=Sing 7 sticks conj 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make past We Sumerian cuneiform with lolly sticks and clay vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cuneiform=Product
Example 4 Our 60 minutes in an hour comes from the Sumerian way of counting.
nmod:poss nummod nsubj case det nmod case det amod obl mark acl punct root Our PRON 60 NUM minutes NOUN in ADP an DET hour NOUN comes VERB from ADP the DET Sumerian ADJ way NOUN of SCONJ counting VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 minutes nmod:poss 2 60 60 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 3 minutes nummod 3 minutes minute NOUN Number=Plur 7 comes nsubj 4 in in ADP _ 6 hour case 5 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 hour det 6 hour hour NOUN Number=Sing 3 minutes nmod 7 comes come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 8 from from ADP _ 11 way case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 way det 10 Sumerian sumerian ADJ Degree=Pos 11 way amod 11 way way NOUN Number=Sing 7 comes obl 12 of of SCONJ _ 13 counting mark 13 counting count VERB VerbForm=Ger 11 way acl 14 . . PUNCT _ 7 comes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 come present Our 60 minutes in a hour the Sumerian way vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from way=Initial_Location 2 count gerund the Sumerian way not said here vn matter-91 «NP V»: agent=Stimulus
Example 5 Ur was a great Sumerian city.
nsubj cop det amod compound punct root Ur PROPN was AUX a DET great ADJ Sumerian PROPN city NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Ur Ur PROPN Number=Sing 6 city nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 city cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 city det 4 great great ADJ Degree=Pos 6 city amod 5 Sumerian Sumerian PROPN Number=Sing 6 city compound 6 city city NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 . . PUNCT _ 6 city punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past Ur a great Sumerian city tree rules
Example 6 The Sumerian king Gilgamesh is the hero of a very old story.
det compound nsubj appos cop det case det advmod amod nmod punct root The DET Sumerian PROPN king NOUN Gilgamesh PROPN is AUX the DET hero NOUN of ADP a DET very ADV old ADJ story NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 king det 2 Sumerian Sumerian PROPN Number=Sing 3 king compound 3 king king NOUN Number=Sing 7 hero nsubj 4 Gilgamesh Gilgamesh PROPN Number=Sing 3 king appos 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 hero cop 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 hero det 7 hero hero NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 of of ADP _ 12 story case 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 story det 10 very very ADV _ 11 old advmod 11 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 12 story amod 12 story story NOUN Number=Sing 7 hero nmod 13 . . PUNCT _ 7 hero punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the Sumerian king the hero of a old story tree rules
Example 7 Sumerian is not related to any language spoken today.
nsubj cop advmod case det obl acl obl:unmarked punct root Sumerian NOUN is AUX not PART related ADJ to ADP any DET language NOUN spoken VERB today NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Sumerian sumerian NOUN Number=Sing 4 related nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 related cop 3 not not PART Polarity=Neg 4 related advmod 4 related related ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 to to ADP _ 7 language case 6 any any DET PronType=Ind 7 language det 7 language language NOUN Number=Sing 4 related obl 8 spoken speak VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 7 language acl 9 today today NOUN Number=Sing 8 spoken obl:unmarked 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 related punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not is present Sumerian to any language; related property tree rules 2 speak speech: other participle any language not said here today vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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