sundial Who acts: old instrument, pointer, sundial, We, shadow, Earth · What happens: show, cast, mark, be, not work, make · To what, where: flat dial, three o'clock, sundial, sundials, walls · Speech: someone speaks here
«sundial» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: sundial in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 An old instrument that shows the time of day by the shadow that a pointer (the gnomon) casts on a flat dial marked with hours.
The tree, 25 words det amod nsubj acl:relcl det obj case nmod case det obl mark det nsubj punct det appos punct advcl case det amod obl acl case obl punct root An DET old ADJ instrument NOUN that PRON shows VERB the DET time NOUN of ADP day NOUN by ADP the DET shadow NOUN that SCONJ a DET pointer NOUN ( PUNCT the DET gnomon NOUN ) PUNCT casts VERB on ADP a DET flat ADJ dial NOUN marked VERB with ADP hours NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 An a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 instrument det 2 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 3 instrument amod 3 instrument instrument NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 that that PRON PronType=Rel 5 shows nsubj 5 shows show VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 instrument acl:relcl 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 time det 7 time time NOUN Number=Sing 5 shows obj 8 of of ADP _ 9 day case 9 day day NOUN Number=Sing 7 time nmod 10 by by ADP _ 12 shadow case 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 shadow det 12 shadow shadow NOUN Number=Sing 5 shows obl 13 that that SCONJ _ 20 casts mark 14 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 pointer det 15 pointer pointer NOUN Number=Sing 20 casts nsubj 16 ( ( PUNCT _ 18 gnomon punct 17 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 18 gnomon det 18 gnomon gnomon NOUN Number=Sing 15 pointer appos 19 ) ) PUNCT _ 18 gnomon punct 20 casts cast VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 shows advcl 21 on on ADP _ 24 dial case 22 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 24 dial det 23 flat flat ADJ Degree=Pos 24 dial amod 24 dial dial NOUN Number=Sing 20 casts obl 25 marked mark VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 24 dial acl 26 with with ADP _ 27 hours case 27 hours hour NOUN Number=Plur 25 marked obl 28 . . PUNCT _ 3 instrument punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 show present a old instrument time by the shadow vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 cast present a pointer a flat dial vn throw-17.1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent on dial=Destination 3 mark participle a flat dial not said here hour vn image_impression-25.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Example 1 The sundial in the garden shows it is about three o'clock.
det nsubj case det nmod nsubj cop advmod nummod ccomp punct root The DET sundial NOUN in ADP the DET garden NOUN shows VERB it PRON is AUX about ADV three NUM o'clock NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 sundial det 2 sundial sundial NOUN Number=Sing 6 shows nsubj 3 in in ADP _ 5 garden case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 garden det 5 garden garden NOUN Number=Sing 2 sundial nmod 6 shows show VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 o'clock nsubj 8 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 o'clock cop 9 about about ADV _ 10 three advmod 10 three three NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 11 o'clock nummod 11 o'clock o'clock NOUN Number=Sing 6 shows ccomp 12 . . PUNCT _ 6 shows punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 show present the sundial in the garden vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 is a present sundial three o'clock tree rules
Example 2 A sundial does not work at night or on cloudy days.
det nsubj aux advmod case obl cc case amod conj punct root A DET sundial NOUN does AUX not PART work VERB at ADP night NOUN or CCONJ on ADP cloudy ADJ days NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 sundial det 2 sundial sundial NOUN Number=Sing 5 work nsubj 3 does do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 work aux 4 not not PART Polarity=Neg 5 work advmod 5 work work VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 at at ADP _ 7 night case 7 night night NOUN Number=Sing 5 work obl 8 or or CCONJ _ 11 days cc 9 on on ADP _ 11 days case 10 cloudy cloudy ADJ Degree=Pos 11 days amod 11 days day NOUN Number=Plur 7 night conj 12 . . PUNCT _ 5 work punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not work present · do-support a sundial night vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 3 We made a sundial with a pencil and a paper plate.
nsubj det obj case det obl cc det compound conj punct root We PRON made VERB a DET sundial NOUN with ADP a DET pencil NOUN and CCONJ a DET paper NOUN plate NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 made nsubj 2 made make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 sundial det 4 sundial sundial NOUN Number=Sing 2 made obj 5 with with ADP _ 7 pencil case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 pencil det 7 pencil pencil NOUN Number=Sing 2 made obl 8 and and CCONJ _ 11 plate cc 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 plate det 10 paper paper NOUN Number=Sing 11 plate compound 11 plate plate NOUN Number=Sing 7 pencil conj 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make past We a sundial with a pencil and a paper plate vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sundial=Product
Example 4 The shadow on the sundial moves as the Earth turns.
det nsubj case det nmod mark det nsubj advcl punct root The DET shadow NOUN on ADP the DET sundial NOUN moves VERB as SCONJ the DET Earth PROPN turns VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 shadow det 2 shadow shadow NOUN Number=Sing 6 moves nsubj 3 on on ADP _ 5 sundial case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 sundial det 5 sundial sundial NOUN Number=Sing 2 shadow nmod 6 moves move VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 as as SCONJ _ 10 turns mark 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 Earth det 9 Earth Earth PROPN Number=Sing 10 turns nsubj 10 turns turn VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 moves advcl 11 . . PUNCT _ 6 moves punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 move present the shadow on the sundial vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme 2 turn present the Earth vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme
Example 5 Old churches often have sundials on their walls.
amod nsubj advmod obj case nmod:poss nmod punct root Old ADJ churches NOUN often ADV have VERB sundials NOUN on ADP their PRON walls NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Old old ADJ Degree=Pos 2 churches amod 2 churches church NOUN Number=Plur 4 have nsubj 3 often often ADV _ 4 have advmod 4 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 sundials sundial NOUN Number=Plur 4 have obj 6 on on ADP _ 8 walls case 7 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 walls nmod:poss 8 walls wall NOUN Number=Plur 5 sundials nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 have punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present Old churches sundials churches's walls often property vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sundial=Patient
Example 6 The shadow is shortest at noon, when the Sun is highest.
det nsubj cop case obl punct mark det nsubj cop conj punct root The DET shadow NOUN is AUX shortest ADJ at ADP noon NOUN , PUNCT when SCONJ the DET Sun PROPN is AUX highest ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 shadow det 2 shadow shadow NOUN Number=Sing 4 shortest nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 shortest cop 4 shortest short ADJ Degree=Sup root root 5 at at ADP _ 6 noon case 6 noon noon NOUN Number=Sing 4 shortest obl 7 , , PUNCT _ 12 highest punct 8 when when SCONJ _ 12 highest mark 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 Sun det 10 Sun Sun PROPN Number=Sing 12 highest nsubj 11 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 highest cop 12 highest high ADJ Degree=Sup 4 shortest conj 13 . . PUNCT _ 4 shortest punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present the shadow noon short property tree rules 2 is present the Sun high property tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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