tall Who acts: Tall, giraffe, tall story, tree, Tom, Giraffes · What happens: mean, be, use, give, believe, not say · To what, where: bottom, Tall, height, one, informal speech, anything · Speech: someone speaks here
«tall» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: tall in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Tall means high from the bottom to the top: a giraffe is very tall.
The tree, 14 words nsubj advmod case det obl case det nmod punct det nsubj cop advmod parataxis punct root Tall ADJ means VERB high ADV from ADP the DET bottom NOUN to ADP the DET top NOUN : PUNCT a DET giraffe NOUN is AUX very ADV tall ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Tall tall ADJ Degree=Pos 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 high high ADV Degree=Pos 2 means advmod 4 from from ADP _ 6 bottom case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 bottom det 6 bottom bottom NOUN Number=Sing 2 means obl 7 to to ADP _ 9 top case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 top det 9 top top NOUN Number=Sing 6 bottom nmod 10 : : PUNCT _ 15 tall punct 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 giraffe det 12 giraffe giraffe NOUN Number=Sing 15 tall nsubj 13 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 15 tall cop 14 very very ADV _ 15 tall advmod 15 tall tall ADJ Degree=Pos 2 means parataxis 16 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Tall the bottom to the top high property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent 2 is present a giraffe tall property tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Tall is used to give height: he is 150 cm tall.
nsubj aux:pass mark xcomp obj punct nsubj cop nummod obl:unmarked parataxis punct root Tall PROPN is AUX used VERB to PART give VERB height NOUN : PUNCT he PRON is AUX 150 NUM cm NOUN tall ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Tall Tall PROPN Number=Sing 3 used nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 used aux:pass 3 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 4 to to PART _ 5 give mark 5 give give VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 used xcomp 6 height height NOUN Number=Sing 5 give obj 7 : : PUNCT _ 12 tall punct 8 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 12 tall nsubj 9 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 tall cop 10 150 150 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 11 cm nummod 11 cm cm NOUN Number=Plur 12 tall obl:unmarked 12 tall tall ADJ Degree=Pos 3 used parataxis 13 . . PUNCT _ 3 used punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use present · passive Tall vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S_INF»: subject=Theme clause=Eventuality 2 give to-infinitive height vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent height=Theme 3 is present Tall 150 cm obl:unmarked ; tall property tree rules
Meaning 3 A tall story (tall tale) is one that is hard to believe.
The tree, 12 words det amod nsubj punct amod appos punct cop nsubj cop acl:relcl mark xcomp punct root A DET tall ADJ story NOUN ( PUNCT tall ADJ tale NOUN ) PUNCT is AUX one NUM that PRON is AUX hard ADJ to PART believe VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 story det 2 tall tall ADJ Degree=Pos 3 story amod 3 story story NOUN Number=Sing 9 one nsubj 4 ( ( PUNCT _ 6 tale punct 5 tall tall ADJ Degree=Pos 6 tale amod 6 tale tale NOUN Number=Sing 3 story appos 7 ) ) PUNCT _ 6 tale punct 8 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 one cop 9 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card root root 10 that that PRON PronType=Rel 12 hard nsubj 11 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 hard cop 12 hard hard ADJ Degree=Pos 9 one acl:relcl 13 to to PART _ 14 believe mark 14 believe believe VERB VerbForm=Inf 12 hard xcomp 15 . . PUNCT _ 9 one punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a tall story one tree rules 2 is present hard property tree rules 3 believe to-infinitive vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer
Meaning 4 In informal speech, "tall" can be short for "at all", as in "not saying anything at all".
The tree, 17 words case amod obl punct punct nsubj punct aux cop case punct case conj punct punct mark mark punct advmod parataxis obj case nmod punct punct root In ADP informal ADJ speech NOUN , PUNCT " PUNCT tall ADJ " PUNCT can AUX be AUX short ADJ for ADP " PUNCT at ADP all DET " PUNCT , PUNCT as SCONJ in SCONJ " PUNCT not PART saying VERB anything PRON at ADP all DET " PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 3 speech case 2 informal informal ADJ Degree=Pos 3 speech amod 3 speech speech NOUN Number=Sing 10 short obl 4 , , PUNCT _ 3 speech punct 5 " " PUNCT _ 6 tall punct 6 tall tall ADJ Degree=Pos 10 short nsubj 7 " " PUNCT _ 6 tall punct 8 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 10 short aux 9 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 10 short cop 10 short short ADJ Degree=Pos root root 11 for for ADP _ 14 all case 12 " " PUNCT _ 14 all punct 13 at at ADP _ 14 all case 14 all all DET PronType=Tot 10 short conj 15 " " PUNCT _ 14 all punct 16 , , PUNCT _ 21 saying punct 17 as as SCONJ _ 21 saying mark 18 in in SCONJ _ 21 saying mark 19 " " PUNCT _ 21 saying punct 20 not not PART Polarity=Neg 21 saying advmod 21 saying say VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 10 short parataxis 22 anything anything PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 21 saying obj 23 at at ADP _ 24 all case 24 all all DET PronType=Tot 22 anything nmod 25 " " PUNCT _ 21 saying punct 26 . . PUNCT _ 10 short punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is can tall informal speech short property tree rules 2 not say speech: assert in a quote gerund anything all vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent anything=Topic
Example 1 The tree is 12 meters tall.
det nsubj cop nummod obl:unmarked punct root The DET tree NOUN is AUX 12 NUM meters NOUN tall ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 tree det 2 tree tree NOUN Number=Sing 6 tall nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 tall cop 4 12 12 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 meters nummod 5 meters meter NOUN Number=Plur 6 tall obl:unmarked 6 tall tall ADJ Degree=Pos root root 7 . . PUNCT _ 6 tall punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present the tree 12 meters obl:unmarked ; tall property tree rules
Example 2 Tom is 5 cm taller than Ben.
nsubj cop nummod obl:unmarked case obl punct root Tom PROPN is AUX 5 NUM cm NOUN taller ADJ than ADP Ben PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Tom Tom PROPN Number=Sing 5 taller nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 taller cop 3 5 5 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 cm nummod 4 cm cm NOUN Number=Plur 5 taller obl:unmarked 5 taller tall ADJ Degree=Cmp root root 6 than than ADP _ 7 Ben case 7 Ben Ben PROPN Number=Sing 5 taller obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 taller punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Tom than Ben; 5 cm obl:unmarked ; tall property tree rules
Example 3 Who is the tallest?
nsubj cop det punct root Who PRON is AUX the DET tallest ADJ ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Who who PRON PronType=Rel 4 tallest nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 tallest cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 tallest det 4 tallest tall ADJ Degree=Sup root root 5 ? ? PUNCT _ 4 tallest punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present tall property tree rules
Example 4 How tall is the tower?
advmod amod cop det punct root How ADV tall ADJ is AUX the DET tower NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 How how ADV PronType=Int 2 tall advmod 2 tall tall ADJ Degree=Pos 5 tower amod 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 tower cop 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 tower det 5 tower tower NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 ? ? PUNCT _ 5 tower punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the tall tower tree rules
Example 5 Giraffes are the tallest animals on Earth.
nsubj cop det amod case nmod punct root Giraffes NOUN are AUX the DET tallest ADJ animals NOUN on ADP Earth PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Giraffes giraffe NOUN Number=Plur 5 animals nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 animals cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 animals det 4 tallest tall ADJ Degree=Sup 5 animals amod 5 animals animal NOUN Number=Plur root root 6 on on ADP _ 7 Earth case 7 Earth Earth PROPN Number=Sing 5 animals nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 animals punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Giraffes the tallest animals Earth tree rules
Example 6 Line up from shortest to tallest.
compound:prt case ccomp case obl punct root Line VERB up ADP from ADP shortest ADJ to ADP tallest ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Line line VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 up up ADP _ 1 Line compound:prt 3 from from ADP _ 4 shortest case 4 shortest short ADJ Degree=Sup 1 Line ccomp 5 to to ADP _ 6 tallest case 6 tallest tall ADJ Degree=Sup 4 shortest obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 1 Line punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 line up imperative you not said here vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme
Example 7 Grandpa told a tall story about a fish as big as a boat.
nsubj det amod obj case det nmod advmod amod case det obl punct root Grandpa PROPN told VERB a DET tall ADJ story NOUN about ADP a DET fish NOUN as ADV big ADJ as ADP a DET boat NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Grandpa Grandpa PROPN Number=Sing 2 told nsubj 2 told tell VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 story det 4 tall tall ADJ Degree=Pos 5 story amod 5 story story NOUN Number=Sing 2 told obj 6 about about ADP _ 8 fish case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 fish det 8 fish fish NOUN Number=Sing 5 story nmod 9 as as ADV _ 10 big advmod 10 big big ADJ Degree=Pos 8 fish amod 11 as as ADP _ 13 boat case 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 boat det 13 boat boat NOUN Number=Sing 10 big obl 14 . . PUNCT _ 2 told punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 tell speech: assert past Grandpa a tall story about a fish vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent story=Recipient about fish=Topic
Example 8 Sunflowers can grow taller than a man.
nsubj aux xcomp case det obl punct root Sunflowers NOUN can AUX grow VERB taller ADJ than ADP a DET man NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Sunflowers sunflower NOUN Number=Plur 3 grow nsubj 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 grow aux 3 grow grow VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 taller tall ADJ Degree=Cmp 3 grow xcomp 5 than than ADP _ 7 man case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 man det 7 man man NOUN Number=Sing 4 taller obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 grow punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 grow can Sunflowers tall property vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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