those Who acts: it, points, Those, He, books, many · What happens: be, talk about, mean, have, cost, keep · To what, where: plural, people, 20 apples, 3 dollars, marbles, scissors
«those» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 11 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: those in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Those points to things or people farther away; it is the plural of «that».
The tree, 14 words det case nmod cc conj advmod advmod punct nsubj cop det appos case punct nmod punct punct root Those DET points NOUN to ADP things NOUN or CCONJ people NOUN farther ADV away ADV ; PUNCT it PRON is AUX the DET plural NOUN of ADP « PUNCT that PRON » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Those that DET Number=Plur PronType=Dem 2 points det 2 points point NOUN Number=Plur root root 3 to to ADP _ 4 things case 4 things thing NOUN Number=Plur 2 points nmod 5 or or CCONJ _ 6 people cc 6 people people NOUN Number=Plur 4 things conj 7 farther far ADV Degree=Cmp 6 people advmod 8 away away ADV _ 7 farther advmod 9 ; ; PUNCT _ 13 plural punct 10 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 13 plural nsubj 11 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 13 plural cop 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 plural det 13 plural plural NOUN Number=Sing 2 points appos 14 of of ADP _ 16 that case 15 « « PUNCT _ 16 that punct 16 that that PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 13 plural nmod 17 » » PUNCT _ 13 plural punct 18 . . PUNCT _ 2 points punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present it the plural of that tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Those points back to things already talked about.
det nsubj advmod case obl advmod advmod punct root Those DET points NOUN back ADV to ADP things NOUN already ADV talked VERB about ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Those that DET Number=Plur PronType=Dem 2 points det 2 points point NOUN Number=Plur 7 talked nsubj 3 back back ADV _ 7 talked advmod 4 to to ADP _ 5 things case 5 things thing NOUN Number=Plur 7 talked obl 6 already already ADV _ 7 talked advmod 7 talked talk VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 8 about about ADV _ 7 talked advmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 7 talked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 talk about past that points to things; about property vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to thing=Co-Agent
Meaning 3 «Those who» means the people who.
punct nsubj nsubj punct det obj acl:relcl punct root « PUNCT Those PRON who PRON » PUNCT means VERB the DET people NOUN who PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 2 Those punct 2 Those that PRON Number=Plur PronType=Dem 5 means nsubj 3 who who PRON PronType=Rel 5 means nsubj 4 » » PUNCT _ 3 who punct 5 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 people det 7 people people NOUN Number=Plur 5 means obj 8 who who PRON PronType=Rel 7 people acl:relcl 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Those the people vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Topic
Example 1 He had 20 apples; 5 of those were red.
nsubj nummod obj punct parataxis case nsubj cop nmod punct root He PRON had VERB 20 NUM apples NOUN ; PUNCT 5 NUM of ADP those PRON were AUX red ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 had nsubj 2 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 20 20 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 apples nummod 4 apples apple NOUN Number=Plur 2 had obj 5 ; ; PUNCT _ 6 5 punct 6 5 5 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 2 had parataxis 7 of of ADP _ 10 red case 8 those that PRON Number=Plur PronType=Dem 10 red nsubj 9 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 10 red cop 10 red red ADJ Degree=Pos 6 5 nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 had punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have past He 20 apples vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent apple=Patient 2 is past those red property tree rules
Example 2 Those books cost 3 dollars each.
det nsubj nummod obj nmod:unmarked punct root Those DET books NOUN cost VERB 3 NUM dollars NOUN each DET . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Those that DET Number=Plur PronType=Dem 2 books det 2 books book NOUN Number=Plur 3 cost nsubj 3 cost cost VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 3 3 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 dollars nummod 5 dollars dollar NOUN Number=Plur 3 cost obj 6 each each DET PronType=Tot 5 dollars nmod:unmarked 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 cost punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cost present that books 3 dollars each vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme dollar=Value
Example 3 How many of those did she keep?
advmod nsubj case nmod aux nsubj punct root How ADV many ADJ of ADP those PRON did AUX she PRON keep VERB ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 How how ADV PronType=Int 2 many advmod 2 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 7 keep nsubj 3 of of ADP _ 4 those case 4 those that PRON Number=Plur PronType=Dem 2 many nmod 5 did do AUX Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 keep aux 6 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 keep nsubj 7 keep keep VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 8 ? ? PUNCT _ 7 keep punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 keep past · do-support many of those vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Example 4 Those were all the marbles.
nsubj cop det:predet det punct root Those PRON were AUX all DET the DET marbles NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Those that PRON Number=Plur PronType=Dem 5 marbles nsubj 2 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 marbles cop 3 all all DET PronType=Tot 5 marbles det:predet 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 marbles det 5 marbles marble NOUN Number=Plur root root 6 . . PUNCT _ 5 marbles punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past Those all marbles tree rules
Example 5 Look at those clouds over there!
case det obl advmod advmod punct root Look VERB at ADP those DET clouds NOUN over ADV there ADV ! PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Look look VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 at at ADP _ 4 clouds case 3 those that DET Number=Plur PronType=Dem 4 clouds det 4 clouds cloud NOUN Number=Plur 1 Look obl 5 over over ADV _ 6 there advmod 6 there there ADV PronType=Dem 1 Look advmod 7 ! ! PUNCT _ 1 Look punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 look imperative you not said here there at that clouds vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at cloud=Theme
Example 6 Can you pass me those scissors?
aux nsubj obj det obj punct root Can AUX you PRON pass VERB me PRON those DET scissors NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 pass aux 2 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 3 pass nsubj 3 pass pass VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 pass obj 5 those that DET Number=Plur PronType=Dem 6 scissors det 6 scissors scissors NOUN Number=Plur 3 pass obj 7 ? ? PUNCT _ 3 pass punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 pass can you that scissors me vn give-13.1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent i=Recipient scissors=Theme
Example 7 Those who finish early can read.
nsubj nsubj acl:relcl advmod aux punct root Those PRON who PRON finish VERB early ADV can AUX read VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Those that PRON Number=Plur PronType=Dem 6 read nsubj 2 who who PRON PronType=Rel 3 finish nsubj 3 finish finish VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 1 Those acl:relcl 4 early early ADV Degree=Pos 3 finish advmod 5 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 6 read aux 6 read read VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 7 . . PUNCT _ 6 read punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 finish present early property vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality 2 read can Those vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 8 In those days there were no phones.
case det obl expl det nsubj punct root In ADP those DET days NOUN there PRON were VERB no DET phones NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 3 days case 2 those that DET Number=Plur PronType=Dem 3 days det 3 days day NOUN Number=Plur 5 were obl 4 there there PRON PronType=Dem 5 were expl 5 were be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 no no DET PronType=Neg 7 phones det 7 phones phone NOUN Number=Plur 5 were nsubj 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 were punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 be past no phones there day vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 9 Are those your shoes?
det nmod:poss nsubj punct root Are VERB those DET your PRON shoes NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Are be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 2 those that DET Number=Plur PronType=Dem 4 shoes det 3 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 shoes nmod:poss 4 shoes shoe NOUN Number=Plur 1 Are nsubj 5 ? ? PUNCT _ 1 Are punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 does present your shoes vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 10 It was one of those days when everything went wrong.
nsubj cop case det nmod advmod nsubj acl:relcl xcomp punct root It PRON was AUX one NUM of ADP those DET days NOUN when ADV everything PRON went VERB wrong ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 one nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 one cop 3 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card root root 4 of of ADP _ 6 days case 5 those that DET Number=Plur PronType=Dem 6 days det 6 days day NOUN Number=Plur 3 one nmod 7 when when ADV PronType=Int 9 went advmod 8 everything everything PRON Number=Sing PronType=Tot 9 went nsubj 9 went go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 days acl:relcl 10 wrong wrong ADJ Degree=Pos 9 went xcomp 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 one punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past It one day tree rules 2 go past everything wrong property vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 11 Heaven helps those who help themselves.
nsubj obj nsubj acl:relcl obj punct root Heaven NOUN helps VERB those PRON who PRON help VERB themselves PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Heaven heaven NOUN Number=Sing 2 helps nsubj 2 helps help VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 those that PRON Number=Plur PronType=Dem 2 helps obj 4 who who PRON PronType=Rel 5 help nsubj 5 help help VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 those acl:relcl 6 themselves themselves PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes 5 help obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 helps punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 help present Heaven those vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent that=Beneficiary 2 help present themselves = they vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent themselves=Beneficiary
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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