through Who acts: Monday, she, through train, I, train, He · What happens: mean, walk, run, win through, finish, go · To what, where: one side, door, forest, start, hard work, way
«through» in the school dictionary: its 7 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: through in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Through means from one side or end to the other: walk through the door.
The tree, 14 words case case nummod obl cc conj case det nmod punct parataxis case det obl punct root Through ADP means VERB from ADP one NUM side NOUN or CCONJ end NOUN to ADP the DET other ADJ : PUNCT walk VERB through ADP the DET door NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Through through ADP _ 2 means case 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 from from ADP _ 5 side case 4 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 5 side nummod 5 side side NOUN Number=Sing 2 means obl 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 end cc 7 end end NOUN Number=Sing 5 side conj 8 to to ADP _ 10 other case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 other det 10 other other ADJ Degree=Pos 7 end nmod 11 : : PUNCT _ 12 walk punct 12 walk walk VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 2 means parataxis 13 through through ADP _ 15 door case 14 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 15 door det 15 door door NOUN Number=Sing 12 walk obl 16 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present one side or end to the other vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent 2 walk infinitive the door vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through door=Trajectory
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Through means across or among: run through the forest.
case obj cc conj punct parataxis case det obl punct root Through ADP means VERB across ADP or CCONJ among ADP : PUNCT run VERB through ADP the DET forest NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Through through ADP _ 2 means case 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 across across ADP _ 2 means obj 4 or or CCONJ _ 5 among cc 5 among among ADP _ 3 across conj 6 : : PUNCT _ 7 run punct 7 run run VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 2 means parataxis 8 through through ADP _ 10 forest case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 forest det 10 forest forest NOUN Number=Sing 7 run obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent across=Topic 2 run infinitive the forest vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through forest=Trajectory
Meaning 3 Through means from the start to the end of a time: work through the night.
The tree, 15 words case case det obl case det nmod case det nmod punct nmod case det nmod punct root Through ADP means VERB from ADP the DET start NOUN to ADP the DET end NOUN of ADP a DET time NOUN : PUNCT work NOUN through ADP the DET night NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Through through ADP _ 2 means case 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 from from ADP _ 5 start case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 start det 5 start start NOUN Number=Sing 2 means obl 6 to to ADP _ 8 end case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 end det 8 end end NOUN Number=Sing 5 start nmod 9 of of ADP _ 11 time case 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 time det 11 time time NOUN Number=Sing 8 end nmod 12 : : PUNCT _ 13 work punct 13 work work NOUN Number=Sing 11 time nmod 14 through through ADP _ 16 night case 15 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 16 night det 16 night night NOUN Number=Sing 13 work nmod 17 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present the start to the end of a time work through the night vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
Meaning 4 «Monday through Friday» (US) means from Monday to Friday, including both.
The tree, 11 words punct nsubj case nmod punct punct appos punct case obl case obl punct case obl punct root « PUNCT Monday PROPN through ADP Friday PROPN » PUNCT ( PUNCT US PROPN ) PUNCT means VERB from ADP Monday PROPN to ADP Friday PROPN , PUNCT including ADP both DET . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 2 Monday punct 2 Monday Monday PROPN Number=Sing 9 means nsubj 3 through through ADP _ 4 Friday case 4 Friday Friday PROPN Number=Sing 2 Monday nmod 5 » » PUNCT _ 4 Friday punct 6 ( ( PUNCT _ 7 US punct 7 US US PROPN Number=Sing 4 Friday appos 8 ) ) PUNCT _ 7 US punct 9 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 10 from from ADP _ 11 Monday case 11 Monday Monday PROPN Number=Sing 9 means obl 12 to to ADP _ 13 Friday case 13 Friday Friday PROPN Number=Sing 9 means obl 14 , , PUNCT _ 16 both punct 15 including including ADP _ 16 both case 16 both both DET PronType=Tot 9 means obl 17 . . PUNCT _ 9 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Monday through Friday friday; monday including both vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
Meaning 5 Through means because of or by means of: she won through hard work.
The tree, 13 words case mark fixed cc case advcl advmod punct nsubj conj advmod amod obj punct root Through ADP means VERB because SCONJ of ADP or CCONJ by ADP means VERB of ADP : PUNCT she PRON won VERB through ADV hard ADJ work NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Through through ADP _ 2 means case 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 because because SCONJ _ 7 means mark 4 of of ADP _ 3 because fixed 5 or or CCONJ _ 7 means cc 6 by by ADP _ 7 means case 7 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 means advcl 8 of of ADP _ 7 means advmod 9 : : PUNCT _ 11 won punct 10 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 won nsubj 11 won win VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 means conj 12 through through ADV _ 11 won advmod 13 hard hard ADJ Degree=Pos 14 work amod 14 work work NOUN Number=Sing 11 won obj 15 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent 3 win through past she hard work through property vn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent work=Eventuality
Meaning 6 Through means finished.
case xcomp punct root Through ADP means VERB finished VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Through through ADP _ 2 means case 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 finished finish VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 means xcomp 4 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 finish not said to happen participle vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
I'm through with my homework.
nsubj cop advmod case nmod:poss punct root I PRON 'm AUX through ADV with ADP my PRON homework NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 6 homework nsubj 2 'm be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 homework cop 3 through through ADV _ 6 homework advmod 4 with with ADP _ 6 homework case 5 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 homework nmod:poss 6 homework homework NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 . . PUNCT _ 6 homework punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present I with my homework; through property tree rules
Meaning 7 A through train goes all the way without changing.
det amod nsubj det:predet det obl mark advcl punct root A DET through ADJ train NOUN goes VERB all DET the DET way NOUN without SCONJ changing VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 train det 2 through thorough ADJ Degree=Pos 3 train amod 3 train train NOUN Number=Sing 4 goes nsubj 4 goes go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 all all DET PronType=Tot 7 way det:predet 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 way det 7 way way NOUN Number=Sing 4 goes obl 8 without without SCONJ _ 9 changing mark 9 changing change VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 4 goes advcl 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 goes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 go present a through train all way vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 change gerund a through train not said here vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 1 She works Monday through Friday.
nsubj obj case obl punct root She PRON works VERB Monday PROPN through ADP Friday PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 works nsubj 2 works work VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 Monday Monday PROPN Number=Sing 2 works obj 4 through through ADP _ 5 Friday case 5 Friday Friday PROPN Number=Sing 2 works obl 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 works punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 work present She friday; monday vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 2 The train goes through 3 tunnels.
det nsubj case nummod obl punct root The DET train NOUN goes VERB through ADP 3 NUM tunnels NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 train det 2 train train NOUN Number=Sing 3 goes nsubj 3 goes go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 through through ADP _ 6 tunnels case 5 3 3 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 6 tunnels nummod 6 tunnels tunnel NOUN Number=Plur 3 goes obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 goes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 go present the train 3 tunnels vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme through tunnel=Initial_Location
Example 3 He read pages 10 through 20.
nsubj obj flat case nmod punct root He PRON read VERB pages NOUN 10 NUM through ADP 20 NUM . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 read nsubj 2 read read VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 pages page NOUN Number=Plur 2 read obj 4 10 10 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 3 pages flat 5 through through ADP _ 6 20 case 6 20 20 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 10 nmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 read punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 read past He pages vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent page=Topic
Example 4 Water flows through the pipe.
nsubj case det obl punct root Water NOUN flows VERB through ADP the DET pipe NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Water water NOUN Number=Sing 2 flows nsubj 2 flows flow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 through through ADP _ 5 pipe case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 pipe det 5 pipe pipe NOUN Number=Sing 2 flows obl 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 flows punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 flow present Water the pipe vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through pipe=Location
Example 5 The cat came in through the window.
det nsubj advmod case det obl punct root The DET cat NOUN came VERB in ADV through ADP the DET window NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 cat det 2 cat cat NOUN Number=Sing 3 came nsubj 3 came come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 in in ADV _ 3 came advmod 5 through through ADP _ 7 window case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 window det 7 window window NOUN Number=Sing 3 came obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 came punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 come in past the cat the window vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme through window=Initial_Location
Example 6 We walked through the park to school.
nsubj case det obl case obl punct root We PRON walked VERB through ADP the DET park NOUN to ADP school NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 walked nsubj 2 walked walk VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 through through ADP _ 5 park case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 park det 5 park park NOUN Number=Sing 2 walked obl 6 to to ADP _ 7 school case 7 school school NOUN Number=Sing 2 walked obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 walked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 walk past We the park to school result vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to school=Result
Example 7 Light shines through the glass.
nsubj case det obl punct root Light NOUN shines VERB through ADP the DET glass NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Light light NOUN Number=Sing 2 shines nsubj 2 shines shine VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 through through ADP _ 5 glass case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 glass det 5 glass glass NOUN Number=Sing 2 shines obl 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 shines punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 shine present Light the glass vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through glass=Location
Example 8 She slept through the storm.
nsubj case det obl punct root She PRON slept VERB through ADP the DET storm NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 slept nsubj 2 slept sleep VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 through through ADP _ 5 storm case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 storm det 5 storm storm NOUN Number=Sing 2 slept obl 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 slept punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sleep past She the storm vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 9 The arrow whistled through the air.
det nsubj case det obl punct root The DET arrow NOUN whistled VERB through ADP the DET air NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 arrow det 2 arrow arrow NOUN Number=Sing 3 whistled nsubj 3 whistled whistle VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 through through ADP _ 6 air case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 air det 6 air air NOUN Number=Sing 3 whistled obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 whistled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 whistle past the arrow the air vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through air=Location
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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