thud Who acts: thud, something, bag, heart, heavy book, We · What happens: be, make, fall, hit, thud, beat · To what, where: dull heavy sound, something, floor, thud, race, grass
«thud» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: thud in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A thud is a dull, heavy sound made when something heavy falls or hits something soft: the bag hit the floor with a thud.
The tree, 24 words det nsubj cop det amod punct amod acl mark nsubj amod advcl cc conj obj amod punct det nsubj parataxis det obj case det obl punct root A DET thud NOUN is AUX a DET dull ADJ , PUNCT heavy ADJ sound NOUN made VERB when SCONJ something PRON heavy ADJ falls VERB or CCONJ hits VERB something PRON soft ADJ : PUNCT the DET bag NOUN hit VERB the DET floor NOUN with ADP a DET thud NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 thud det 2 thud thud NOUN Number=Sing 8 sound nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 sound cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 sound det 5 dull dull ADJ Degree=Pos 8 sound amod 6 , , PUNCT _ 5 dull punct 7 heavy heavy ADJ Degree=Pos 8 sound amod 8 sound sound NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 made make VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 8 sound acl 10 when when SCONJ _ 13 falls mark 11 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 13 falls nsubj 12 heavy heavy ADJ Degree=Pos 11 something amod 13 falls fall VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 made advcl 14 or or CCONJ _ 15 hits cc 15 hits hit VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 13 falls conj 16 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 15 hits obj 17 soft soft ADJ Degree=Pos 16 something amod 18 : : PUNCT _ 21 hit punct 19 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 20 bag det 20 bag bag NOUN Number=Sing 21 hit nsubj 21 hit hit VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 8 sound parataxis 22 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 23 floor det 23 floor floor NOUN Number=Sing 21 hit obj 24 with with ADP _ 26 thud case 25 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 26 thud det 26 thud thud NOUN Number=Sing 21 hit obl 27 . . PUNCT _ 8 sound punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a thud a dull heavy sound tree rules 2 make participle a dull heavy sound not said here vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset 3 fall present something vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme 4 hit present something not said here something vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme something=Co-Theme 5 hit past the bag the floor with a thud vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent floor=Patient with thud=Instrument
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To thud is to fall or hit with such a sound, or to beat heavily: my heart was thudding.
The tree, 19 words mark csubj cop mark cc conj case det:predet det obl punct cc mark conj advmod punct nmod:poss nsubj aux conj punct root To PART thud VERB is AUX to PART fall VERB or CCONJ hit VERB with ADP such DET a DET sound NOUN , PUNCT or CCONJ to PART beat VERB heavily ADV : PUNCT my PRON heart NOUN was AUX thudding VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 thud mark 2 thud thud VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 fall csubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 fall cop 4 to to PART _ 5 fall mark 5 fall fall VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 hit cc 7 hit hit VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 5 fall conj 8 with with ADP _ 11 sound case 9 such such DET PronType=Ind 11 sound det:predet 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 sound det 11 sound sound NOUN Number=Sing 7 hit obl 12 , , PUNCT _ 15 beat punct 13 or or CCONJ _ 15 beat cc 14 to to PART _ 15 beat mark 15 beat beat VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 fall conj 16 heavily heavily ADV _ 15 beat advmod 17 : : PUNCT _ 21 thudding punct 18 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 19 heart nmod:poss 19 heart heart NOUN Number=Sing 21 thudding nsubj 20 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 21 thudding aux 21 thudding thud VERB VerbForm=Ger 5 fall conj 22 . . PUNCT _ 5 fall punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 thud to-infinitive vn bump-18.4-1 «NP V together»: agent=Theme 2 is present fall property tree rules 3 hit infinitive with such sound vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V PP PP»: agent=Agent with sound=Instrument 4 beat to-infinitive heavily property vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme 5 thud past · progressive my heart vn bump-18.4-1 «NP V together»: agent=Theme
Example 1 The heavy book fell with a thud.
det amod nsubj case det obl punct root The DET heavy ADJ book NOUN fell VERB with ADP a DET thud NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 book det 2 heavy heavy ADJ Degree=Pos 3 book amod 3 book book NOUN Number=Sing 4 fell nsubj 4 fell fall VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 with with ADP _ 7 thud case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 thud det 7 thud thud NOUN Number=Sing 4 fell obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 fell punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fall past the heavy book with a thud vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 2 We heard a thud from upstairs.
nsubj det obj case obl punct root We PRON heard VERB a DET thud NOUN from ADP upstairs ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 heard nsubj 2 heard hear VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 thud det 4 thud thud NOUN Number=Sing 2 heard obj 5 from from ADP _ 6 upstairs case 6 upstairs upstairs ADV _ 2 heard obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 heard punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hear past We a thud vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent thud=Topic from upstairs=Source
Example 3 My heart was thudding before the race.
nmod:poss nsubj aux case det obl punct root My PRON heart NOUN was AUX thudding VERB before ADP the DET race NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 heart nmod:poss 2 heart heart NOUN Number=Sing 4 thudding nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 thudding aux 4 thudding thud VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 5 before before ADP _ 7 race case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 race det 7 race race NOUN Number=Sing 4 thudding obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 thudding punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 thud past · progressive My heart the race vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme before race=Location
Example 4 The apple thudded onto the grass.
det nsubj case det obl punct root The DET apple NOUN thudded VERB onto ADP the DET grass NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 apple det 2 apple apple NOUN Number=Sing 3 thudded nsubj 3 thudded thud VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 onto onto ADP _ 6 grass case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 grass det 6 grass grass NOUN Number=Sing 3 thudded obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 thudded punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 thud past the apple the grass vn bump-18.4-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme onto grass=Location
Example 5 His boots thudded down the stairs.
nmod:poss nsubj case det obl punct root His PRON boots NOUN thudded VERB down ADP the DET stairs NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 His his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 boots nmod:poss 2 boots boot NOUN Number=Plur 3 thudded nsubj 3 thudded thud VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 down down ADP _ 6 stairs case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 stairs det 6 stairs stair NOUN Number=Plur 3 thudded obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 thudded punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 thud past His boots down the stairs vn bump-18.4-1 «NP V together»: agent=Theme
Example 6 The ball hit the door with a loud thud.
det nsubj det obj case det amod obl punct root The DET ball NOUN hit VERB the DET door NOUN with ADP a DET loud ADJ thud NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 ball det 2 ball ball NOUN Number=Sing 3 hit nsubj 3 hit hit VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 door det 5 door door NOUN Number=Sing 3 hit obj 6 with with ADP _ 9 thud case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 thud det 8 loud loud ADJ Degree=Pos 9 thud amod 9 thud thud NOUN Number=Sing 3 hit obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 hit punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hit past the ball the door with a loud thud vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent door=Patient with thud=Instrument
Example 7 Still no sound, except a little thud from Tootles as he dropped on his knees.
The tree, 15 words advmod det punct case det amod conj case nmod mark nsubj advcl case nmod:poss obl punct root Still ADV no DET sound NOUN , PUNCT except ADP a DET little ADJ thud NOUN from ADP Tootles NOUN as SCONJ he PRON dropped VERB on ADP his PRON knees NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Still still ADV _ 3 sound advmod 2 no no DET PronType=Neg 3 sound det 3 sound sound NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 , , PUNCT _ 8 thud punct 5 except except ADP _ 8 thud case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 thud det 7 little little ADJ Degree=Pos 8 thud amod 8 thud thud NOUN Number=Sing 3 sound conj 9 from from ADP _ 10 Tootles case 10 Tootles tootle NOUN Number=Plur 8 thud nmod 11 as as SCONJ _ 13 dropped mark 12 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 13 dropped nsubj 13 dropped drop VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 8 thud advcl 14 on on ADP _ 16 knees case 15 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 16 knees nmod:poss 16 knees knee NOUN Number=Plur 13 dropped obl 17 . . PUNCT _ 3 sound punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 drop past he his knees vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme on knee=Trajectory
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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