town Who acts: town, many people, two towns, 2500 people, bus, it · What happens: be, live, work, mean, go, call · To what, where: place, centre, town, people, 60 km, new shoes · Speech: someone speaks here
«town» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: town in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A town is a place where many people live and work, bigger than a village and smaller than a city.
The tree, 20 words det nsubj cop det advmod amod nsubj acl:relcl cc conj punct conj case det obl cc conj case det obl punct root A DET town NOUN is AUX a DET place NOUN where ADV many ADJ people NOUN live VERB and CCONJ work VERB , PUNCT bigger ADJ than ADP a DET village NOUN and CCONJ smaller ADJ than ADP a DET city NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 town det 2 town town NOUN Number=Sing 5 place nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 place cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 place det 5 place place NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 where where ADV PronType=Rel 9 live advmod 7 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 8 people amod 8 people people NOUN Number=Plur 9 live nsubj 9 live live VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 place acl:relcl 10 and and CCONJ _ 11 work cc 11 work work VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 live conj 12 , , PUNCT _ 13 bigger punct 13 bigger big ADJ Degree=Cmp 5 place conj 14 than than ADP _ 16 village case 15 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 16 village det 16 village village NOUN Number=Sing 13 bigger obl 17 and and CCONJ _ 18 smaller cc 18 smaller small ADJ Degree=Cmp 13 bigger conj 19 than than ADP _ 21 city case 20 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 21 city det 21 city city NOUN Number=Sing 18 smaller obl 22 . . PUNCT _ 5 place punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a town a place tree rules 2 live present many people vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 work present many people not said here vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent 4 be a town not said here than a village tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 «Town» or «the town» can mean the centre of a place with the shops: «go into town».
The tree, 17 words punct nsubj punct cc punct det conj punct aux det obj case det nmod case det nmod punct punct parataxis case obl punct punct root « PUNCT Town NOUN » PUNCT or CCONJ « PUNCT the DET town NOUN » PUNCT can AUX mean VERB the DET centre NOUN of ADP a DET place NOUN with ADP the DET shops NOUN : PUNCT « PUNCT go VERB into ADP town NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 2 Town punct 2 Town town NOUN Number=Sing 10 mean nsubj 3 » » PUNCT _ 2 Town punct 4 or or CCONJ _ 7 town cc 5 « « PUNCT _ 7 town punct 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 town det 7 town town NOUN Number=Sing 2 Town conj 8 » » PUNCT _ 7 town punct 9 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 10 mean aux 10 mean mean VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 centre det 12 centre centre NOUN Number=Sing 10 mean obj 13 of of ADP _ 15 place case 14 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 place det 15 place place NOUN Number=Sing 12 centre nmod 16 with with ADP _ 18 shops case 17 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 18 shops det 18 shops shop NOUN Number=Plur 15 place nmod 19 : : PUNCT _ 21 go punct 20 « « PUNCT _ 21 go punct 21 go go VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 10 mean parataxis 22 into into ADP _ 23 town case 23 town town NOUN Number=Sing 21 go obl 24 » » PUNCT _ 21 go punct 25 . . PUNCT _ 10 mean punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean can Town or the town the centre of a place with the shops tree rules 2 go in a quote infinitive town vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme into town=Initial_Location
Meaning 3 The people of a town together are also called the town.
det nsubj:pass case det nmod advmod aux:pass advmod det xcomp punct root The DET people NOUN of ADP a DET town NOUN together ADV are AUX also ADV called VERB the DET town NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 people det 2 people people NOUN Number=Plur 9 called nsubj:pass 3 of of ADP _ 5 town case 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 town det 5 town town NOUN Number=Sing 2 people nmod 6 together together ADV _ 5 town advmod 7 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 called aux:pass 8 also also ADV _ 9 called advmod 9 called call VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 town det 11 town town NOUN Number=Sing 9 called xcomp 12 . . PUNCT _ 9 called punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 call present · passive the people of a town vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient
Example 1 The two towns are 60 km apart.
det nummod nsubj cop nummod advmod punct root The DET two NUM towns NOUN are AUX 60 NUM km NOUN apart ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 towns det 2 two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 3 towns nummod 3 towns town NOUN Number=Plur 6 km nsubj 4 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 km cop 5 60 60 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 6 km nummod 6 km km NOUN Number=Plur root root 7 apart apart ADV _ 6 km advmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 6 km punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the two towns 60 km apart property tree rules
Example 2 2500 people live in the town.
nummod nsubj case det obl punct root 2500 NUM people NOUN live VERB in ADP the DET town NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 2500 2500 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 2 people nummod 2 people people NOUN Number=Plur 3 live nsubj 3 live live VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 in in ADP _ 6 town case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 town det 6 town town NOUN Number=Sing 3 live obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 live punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 live present 2500 people the town vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in town=Location
Example 3 A bus goes from town A to town B.
det nsubj case obl flat case compound obl root A DET bus NOUN goes VERB from ADP town NOUN A DET to ADP town NOUN B. NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 bus det 2 bus bus NOUN Number=Sing 3 goes nsubj 3 goes go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 from from ADP _ 5 town case 5 town town NOUN Number=Sing 3 goes obl 6 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 town flat 7 to to ADP _ 9 B. case 8 town town NOUN Number=Sing 9 B. compound 9 B. b. NOUN Number=Sing 3 goes obl
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 go present a bus town to town B. vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location PP.destination»: agent=Theme from town=Initial_Location to b.=Destination
Example 4 How far is it from the town to the lake?
advmod cop nsubj case det obl case det nmod punct root How ADV far ADV is AUX it PRON from ADP the DET town NOUN to ADP the DET lake NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 How how ADV PronType=Int 2 far advmod 2 far far ADV Degree=Pos root root 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 far cop 4 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 far nsubj 5 from from ADP _ 7 town case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 town det 7 town town NOUN Number=Sing 2 far obl 8 to to ADP _ 10 lake case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 lake det 10 lake lake NOUN Number=Sing 7 town nmod 11 ? ? PUNCT _ 2 far punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present it the town to the lake far property tree rules
Example 5 We went into town to buy new shoes.
nsubj case obl mark xcomp amod obj punct root We PRON went VERB into ADP town NOUN to PART buy VERB new ADJ shoes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 went nsubj 2 went go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 into into ADP _ 4 town case 4 town town NOUN Number=Sing 2 went obl 5 to to PART _ 6 buy mark 6 buy buy VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 went xcomp 7 new new ADJ Degree=Pos 8 shoes amod 8 shoes shoe NOUN Number=Plur 6 buy obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 went punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 go past We town vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 buy to-infinitive We not said here new shoes vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shoe=Theme
Example 6 My grandparents live in a small town by the sea.
nmod:poss nsubj case det amod obl case det obl punct root My PRON grandparents NOUN live VERB in ADP a DET small ADJ town NOUN by ADP the DET sea NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 grandparents nmod:poss 2 grandparents grandparent NOUN Number=Plur 3 live nsubj 3 live live VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 in in ADP _ 7 town case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 town det 6 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 7 town amod 7 town town NOUN Number=Sing 3 live obl 8 by by ADP _ 10 sea case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 sea det 10 sea sea NOUN Number=Sing 3 live obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 live punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 live present My grandparents a small town by the sea vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in town=Location
Example 7 The town hall has a big clock.
det compound nsubj det amod obj punct root The DET town NOUN hall NOUN has VERB a DET big ADJ clock NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 hall det 2 town town NOUN Number=Sing 3 hall compound 3 hall hall NOUN Number=Sing 4 has nsubj 4 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 clock det 6 big big ADJ Degree=Pos 7 clock amod 7 clock clock NOUN Number=Sing 4 has obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present the town hall a big clock vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent clock=Patient
Example 8 The whole town came to watch the parade.
det amod nsubj mark advcl det obj punct root The DET whole ADJ town NOUN came VERB to PART watch VERB the DET parade NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 town det 2 whole whole ADJ Degree=Pos 3 town amod 3 town town NOUN Number=Sing 4 came nsubj 4 came come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 to to PART _ 6 watch mark 6 watch watch VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 came advcl 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 parade det 8 parade parade NOUN Number=Sing 6 watch obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 came punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 come past the whole town vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 watch to-infinitive the whole town not said here the parade vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent parade=Theme
Example 9 "It was in a little town.
punct nsubj cop case det amod punct root " PUNCT It PRON was AUX in ADP a DET little ADJ town NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 7 town punct 2 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 town nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 town cop 4 in in ADP _ 7 town case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 town det 6 little little ADJ Degree=Pos 7 town amod 7 town town NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 . . PUNCT _ 7 town punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is in a quote past It a little town tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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