trench Who acts: trench, trenches, long ditches, ocean trench, trench coat, Workers · What happens: be, dig, live, protect, lay, write · To what, where: long narrow deep ditch, ground, long ditches, soldiers, deep long valley, sea floor · Speech: someone speaks here
«trench» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: trench in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A trench is a long, narrow, deep ditch dug in the ground, for pipes, drains or building foundations.
The tree, 18 words det nsubj cop det amod punct amod punct amod acl case det obl punct case obl punct conj cc compound conj punct root A DET trench NOUN is AUX a DET long ADJ , PUNCT narrow ADJ , PUNCT deep ADJ ditch NOUN dug VERB in ADP the DET ground NOUN , PUNCT for ADP pipes NOUN , PUNCT drains NOUN or CCONJ building NOUN foundations NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 trench det 2 trench trench NOUN Number=Sing 10 ditch nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 ditch cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 ditch det 5 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 10 ditch amod 6 , , PUNCT _ 5 long punct 7 narrow narrow ADJ Degree=Pos 10 ditch amod 8 , , PUNCT _ 7 narrow punct 9 deep deep ADJ Degree=Pos 10 ditch amod 10 ditch ditch NOUN Number=Sing root root 11 dug dig VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 10 ditch acl 12 in in ADP _ 14 ground case 13 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 ground det 14 ground ground NOUN Number=Sing 11 dug obl 15 , , PUNCT _ 17 pipes punct 16 for for ADP _ 17 pipes case 17 pipes pipe NOUN Number=Plur 11 dug obl 18 , , PUNCT _ 19 drains punct 19 drains drain NOUN Number=Plur 17 pipes conj 20 or or CCONJ _ 22 foundations cc 21 building building NOUN Number=Sing 22 foundations compound 22 foundations foundation NOUN Number=Plur 19 drains conj 23 . . PUNCT _ 10 ditch punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a trench a long narrow deep ditch tree rules 2 dig participle a long narrow deep ditch not said here the ground for pipes and drains or building foundations vn hunt-35.1 «NP V PP.theme PP.location»: agent=Agent in ground=Location for pipe=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 In war, trenches are long ditches that soldiers dig and live in to protect themselves from enemy fire, especially in the First World War.
The tree, 24 words case punct nsubj cop amod conj nsubj nsubj acl:relcl cc conj mark mark advcl obj case amod obl punct advmod case det amod compound obl punct root In ADP war NOUN , PUNCT trenches NOUN are AUX long ADJ ditches NOUN that PRON soldiers NOUN dig VERB and CCONJ live VERB in SCONJ to PART protect VERB themselves PRON from ADP enemy ADJ fire NOUN , PUNCT especially ADV in ADP the DET First ADJ World PROPN War PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 war case 2 war war NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 war punct 4 trenches trench NOUN Number=Plur 7 ditches nsubj 5 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 ditches cop 6 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 7 ditches amod 7 ditches ditch NOUN Number=Plur 2 war conj 8 that that PRON PronType=Rel 10 dig nsubj 9 soldiers soldier NOUN Number=Plur 10 dig nsubj 10 dig dig VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 ditches acl:relcl 11 and and CCONJ _ 12 live cc 12 live live VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 dig conj 13 in in SCONJ _ 15 protect mark 14 to to PART _ 15 protect mark 15 protect protect VERB VerbForm=Inf 10 dig advcl 16 themselves themselves PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes 15 protect obj 17 from from ADP _ 19 fire case 18 enemy enemy ADJ Degree=Pos 19 fire amod 19 fire fire NOUN Number=Sing 15 protect obl 20 , , PUNCT _ 26 War punct 21 especially especially ADV _ 26 War advmod 22 in in ADP _ 26 War case 23 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 26 War det 24 First first ADJ Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord 26 War amod 25 World World PROPN Number=Sing 26 War compound 26 War War PROPN Number=Sing 15 protect obl 27 . . PUNCT _ 2 war punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present trenches long ditches tree rules 2 dig present long ditches vn create-26.4-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 live present long ditches not said here vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 4 protect to-infinitive long ditches not said here soldiers = soldier in the First World War; from enemy fire vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent themselves=Beneficiary from fire=Theme
Meaning 3 An ocean trench is a very deep, long valley in the sea floor, like the Mariana Trench, the deepest place on Earth.
The tree, 22 words det compound nsubj cop det advmod amod punct amod case det compound nmod punct case det compound conj punct det amod appos case nmod punct root An DET ocean NOUN trench NOUN is AUX a DET very ADV deep ADJ , PUNCT long ADJ valley NOUN in ADP the DET sea NOUN floor NOUN , PUNCT like ADP the DET Mariana PROPN Trench PROPN , PUNCT the DET deepest ADJ place NOUN on ADP Earth PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 An a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 trench det 2 ocean ocean NOUN Number=Sing 3 trench compound 3 trench trench NOUN Number=Sing 10 valley nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 valley cop 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 valley det 6 very very ADV _ 7 deep advmod 7 deep deep ADJ Degree=Pos 10 valley amod 8 , , PUNCT _ 7 deep punct 9 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 10 valley amod 10 valley valley NOUN Number=Sing root root 11 in in ADP _ 14 floor case 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 floor det 13 sea sea NOUN Number=Sing 14 floor compound 14 floor floor NOUN Number=Sing 10 valley nmod 15 , , PUNCT _ 19 Trench punct 16 like like ADP _ 19 Trench case 17 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 19 Trench det 18 Mariana Mariana PROPN Number=Sing 19 Trench compound 19 Trench Trench PROPN Number=Sing 10 valley conj 20 , , PUNCT _ 23 place punct 21 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 23 place det 22 deepest deep ADJ Degree=Sup 23 place amod 23 place place NOUN Number=Sing 19 Trench appos 24 on on ADP _ 25 Earth case 25 Earth Earth PROPN Number=Sing 23 place nmod 26 . . PUNCT _ 10 valley punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a ocean trench a deep long valley and the Mariana Trench the sea floor tree rules
Meaning 4 A trench coat is a long, belted raincoat.
det compound nsubj cop det amod punct amod punct root A DET trench NOUN coat NOUN is AUX a DET long ADJ , PUNCT belted ADJ raincoat NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 coat det 2 trench trench NOUN Number=Sing 3 coat compound 3 coat coat NOUN Number=Sing 9 raincoat nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 raincoat cop 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 raincoat det 6 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 9 raincoat amod 7 , , PUNCT _ 6 long punct 8 belted belted ADJ Degree=Pos 9 raincoat amod 9 raincoat raincoat NOUN Number=Sing root root 10 . . PUNCT _ 9 raincoat punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a trench coat a long belted raincoat tree rules
Example 1 Workers dug a trench to lay the new water pipe.
nsubj det obj mark advcl det amod compound obj punct root Workers NOUN dug VERB a DET trench NOUN to PART lay VERB the DET new ADJ water NOUN pipe NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Workers worker NOUN Number=Plur 2 dug nsubj 2 dug dig VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 trench det 4 trench trench NOUN Number=Sing 2 dug obj 5 to to PART _ 6 lay mark 6 lay lay VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 dug advcl 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 pipe det 8 new new ADJ Degree=Pos 10 pipe amod 9 water water NOUN Number=Sing 10 pipe compound 10 pipe pipe NOUN Number=Sing 6 lay obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 dug punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 dig past Workers a trench vn poke-19-1-1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent trench=Theme 2 lay to-infinitive Workers not said here the new water pipe vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pipe=Result
Example 2 Soldiers in the trenches wrote letters home.
nsubj case det nmod obj advmod punct root Soldiers NOUN in ADP the DET trenches NOUN wrote VERB letters NOUN home ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Soldiers soldier NOUN Number=Plur 5 wrote nsubj 2 in in ADP _ 4 trenches case 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 trenches det 4 trenches trench NOUN Number=Plur 1 Soldiers nmod 5 wrote write VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 letters letter NOUN Number=Plur 5 wrote obj 7 home home ADV _ 5 wrote advmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 wrote punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 write past Soldiers in the trenches letters home property vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent letter=Theme
Example 3 The trenches were full of mud and rats.
det nsubj cop case obl cc conj punct root The DET trenches NOUN were AUX full ADJ of ADP mud NOUN and CCONJ rats NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 trenches det 2 trenches trench NOUN Number=Plur 4 full nsubj 3 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 full cop 4 full full ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 of of ADP _ 6 mud case 6 mud mud NOUN Number=Sing 4 full obl 7 and and CCONJ _ 8 rats cc 8 rats rat NOUN Number=Plur 6 mud conj 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 full punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past the trenches of mud and rats; full property tree rules
Example 4 The Mariana Trench is the deepest place in the ocean.
det compound nsubj cop det amod case det nmod punct root The DET Mariana PROPN Trench PROPN is AUX the DET deepest ADJ place NOUN in ADP the DET ocean NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 Trench det 2 Mariana Mariana PROPN Number=Sing 3 Trench compound 3 Trench Trench PROPN Number=Sing 7 place nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 place cop 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 place det 6 deepest deep ADJ Degree=Sup 7 place amod 7 place place NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 in in ADP _ 10 ocean case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 ocean det 10 ocean ocean NOUN Number=Sing 7 place nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 7 place punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the Mariana Trench the deepest place the ocean tree rules
Example 5 Trench foot was caused by standing in cold water for days.
compound nsubj:pass aux:pass mark advcl case amod obl case obl punct root Trench NOUN foot NOUN was AUX caused VERB by SCONJ standing VERB in ADP cold ADJ water NOUN for ADP days NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Trench trench NOUN Number=Sing 2 foot compound 2 foot foot NOUN Number=Sing 4 caused nsubj:pass 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 caused aux:pass 4 caused cause VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 by by SCONJ _ 6 standing mark 6 standing stand VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 4 caused advcl 7 in in ADP _ 9 water case 8 cold cold ADJ Degree=Pos 9 water amod 9 water water NOUN Number=Sing 6 standing obl 10 for for ADP _ 11 days case 11 days day NOUN Number=Plur 6 standing obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 4 caused punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cause past · passive Trench foot vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient 2 stand gerund cold water day vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in water=Location
Example 6 Detectives in old films wear trench coats.
nsubj case amod nmod compound obj punct root Detectives NOUN in ADP old ADJ films NOUN wear VERB trench NOUN coats NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Detectives detective NOUN Number=Plur 5 wear nsubj 2 in in ADP _ 4 films case 3 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 4 films amod 4 films film NOUN Number=Plur 1 Detectives nmod 5 wear wear VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 trench trench NOUN Number=Sing 7 coats compound 7 coats coat NOUN Number=Plur 5 wear obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 wear punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 wear present Detectives in old films trench coats vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent coat=Theme
Example 7 Between the trenches was a deadly strip called no man's land.
case det obl cop det amod acl det nmod:poss case obj punct root Between ADP the DET trenches NOUN was AUX a DET deadly ADJ strip NOUN called VERB no DET man NOUN 's PART land NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Between between ADP _ 3 trenches case 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 trenches det 3 trenches trench NOUN Number=Plur 7 strip obl 4 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 strip cop 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 strip det 6 deadly deadly ADJ Degree=Pos 7 strip amod 7 strip strip NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 called call VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 7 strip acl 9 no no DET PronType=Neg 10 man det 10 man man NOUN Number=Sing 12 land nmod:poss 11 's 's PART _ 10 man case 12 land land NOUN Number=Sing 8 called obj 13 . . PUNCT _ 7 strip punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past a deadly strip between the trenches tree rules 2 call participle a deadly strip not said here no man's land vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent land=Recipient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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