truant Who acts: truant, pupil, idler, his, Tom, register · What happens: be, stay away, wander, shirk, work, play · To what, where: pupil, school, idler, work, truant, beach · Speech: someone speaks here
«truant» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 5 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: truant in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A truant is a pupil who stays away from school without permission.
det nsubj cop det nsubj acl:relcl advmod case obl case obl punct root A DET truant NOUN is AUX a DET pupil NOUN who PRON stays VERB away ADV from ADP school NOUN without ADP permission NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 truant det 2 truant truant NOUN Number=Sing 5 pupil nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 pupil cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 pupil det 5 pupil pupil NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 who who PRON PronType=Rel 7 stays nsubj 7 stays stay VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 pupil acl:relcl 8 away away ADV _ 7 stays advmod 9 from from ADP _ 10 school case 10 school school NOUN Number=Sing 7 stays obl 11 without without ADP _ 12 permission case 12 permission permission NOUN Number=Sing 7 stays obl 13 . . PUNCT _ 5 pupil punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a truant a pupil tree rules 2 stay away present a pupil school without permission; away property vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: old use — kept apart, not parsed.
A truant is an idler who wanders about and shirks his work.
det nsubj cop det nsubj acl:relcl advmod cc conj nmod:poss obj punct root A DET truant NOUN is AUX an DET idler NOUN who PRON wanders VERB about ADV and CCONJ shirks VERB his PRON work NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 truant det 2 truant truant NOUN Number=Sing 5 idler nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 idler cop 4 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 idler det 5 idler idler NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 who who PRON PronType=Rel 7 wanders nsubj 7 wanders wander VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 idler acl:relcl 8 about about ADV _ 7 wanders advmod 9 and and CCONJ _ 10 shirks cc 10 shirks shirk VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 wanders conj 11 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 12 work nmod:poss 12 work work NOUN Number=Sing 10 shirks obj 13 . . PUNCT _ 5 idler punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a truant a idler tree rules 2 wander present a idler about property vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 shirk present a idler not said here his work tree rules 4 work his = he nom work «act intransitive»: poss=agent
Meaning 3 To play truant means to stay away from school on purpose.
mark csubj obj mark ccomp advmod case obl case obl punct root To PART play VERB truant NOUN means VERB to PART stay VERB away ADV from ADP school NOUN on ADP purpose NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 play mark 2 play play VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 means csubj 3 truant truant NOUN Number=Sing 2 play obj 4 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 to to PART _ 6 stay mark 6 stay stay VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 means ccomp 7 away away ADV _ 6 stay advmod 8 from from ADP _ 9 school case 9 school school NOUN Number=Sing 6 stay obl 10 on on ADP _ 11 purpose case 11 purpose purpose NOUN Number=Sing 6 stay obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 4 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 play to-infinitive truant vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent truant=Theme 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 stay away not said to happen to-infinitive school on purpose; away property vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on purpose=Location
Example 1 Tom played truant and spent the day at the beach.
nsubj obj cc conj det obj case det obl punct root Tom PROPN played VERB truant NOUN and CCONJ spent VERB the DET day NOUN at ADP the DET beach NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Tom Tom PROPN Number=Sing 2 played nsubj 2 played play VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 truant truant NOUN Number=Sing 2 played obj 4 and and CCONJ _ 5 spent cc 5 spent spend VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 played conj 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 day det 7 day day NOUN Number=Sing 5 spent obj 8 at at ADP _ 10 beach case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 beach det 10 beach beach NOUN Number=Sing 5 spent obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 played punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 play past Tom truant vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent truant=Theme 2 spend past Tom not said here the beach day vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Example 2 The register showed two truants on Monday.
det nsubj nummod obj case obl punct root The DET register NOUN showed VERB two NUM truants NOUN on ADP Monday PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 register det 2 register register NOUN Number=Sing 3 showed nsubj 3 showed show VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 5 truants nummod 5 truants truant NOUN Number=Plur 3 showed obj 6 on on ADP _ 7 Monday case 7 Monday Monday PROPN Number=Sing 3 showed obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 showed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 show past the register two truants monday vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent truant=Recipient
Example 3 The old tale calls the boy a truant and a vagabond.
det amod nsubj det obj det xcomp cc det conj punct root The DET old ADJ tale NOUN calls VERB the DET boy NOUN a DET truant NOUN and CCONJ a DET vagabond NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 tale det 2 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 3 tale amod 3 tale tale NOUN Number=Sing 4 calls nsubj 4 calls call VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 boy det 6 boy boy NOUN Number=Sing 4 calls obj 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 truant det 8 truant truant NOUN Number=Sing 4 calls xcomp 9 and and CCONJ _ 11 vagabond cc 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 vagabond det 11 vagabond vagabond NOUN Number=Sing 8 truant conj 12 . . PUNCT _ 4 calls punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 call present the old tale the boy vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent boy=Recipient
Example 4 Though he had played truant so often, he still knew a few things.
The tree, 13 words mark nsubj aux advcl xcomp advmod advmod punct nsubj advmod det amod obj punct root Though SCONJ he PRON had AUX played VERB truant ADJ so ADV often ADV , PUNCT he PRON still ADV knew VERB a DET few ADJ things NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Though though SCONJ _ 4 played mark 2 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 played nsubj 3 had have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 played aux 4 played play VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part 11 knew advcl 5 truant truant ADJ Degree=Pos 4 played xcomp 6 so so ADV _ 7 often advmod 7 often often ADV _ 4 played advmod 8 , , PUNCT _ 4 played punct 9 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 knew nsubj 10 still still ADV _ 11 knew advmod 11 knew know VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 things det 13 few few ADJ Degree=Pos 14 things amod 14 things thing NOUN Number=Plur 11 knew obj 15 . . PUNCT _ 11 knew punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 play past · perfect he often, truant property vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 know past he a few things still vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer thing=Stimulus
Example 5 My sister never plays truant; she loves school.
nmod:poss nsubj advmod xcomp punct nsubj conj obj punct root My PRON sister NOUN never ADV plays VERB truant ADJ ; PUNCT she PRON loves VERB school NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 sister nmod:poss 2 sister sister NOUN Number=Sing 4 plays nsubj 3 never never ADV PronType=Neg 4 plays advmod 4 plays play VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 truant truant ADJ Degree=Pos 4 plays xcomp 6 ; ; PUNCT _ 8 loves punct 7 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 loves nsubj 8 loves love VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 plays conj 9 school school NOUN Number=Sing 8 loves obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 plays punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not play present My sister truant property vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 love present sister school vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer school=Stimulus
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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