under Who acts: cat, road, many numbers, box, She, submarine · What happens: mean, cover, be, control, rule, finish · To what, where: something, table, less, bed, water, ground · Speech: someone speaks here
«under» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 10 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: under in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Under means below something, or covered by it. The cat is under the table.
Sentence 1: Under means below something, or covered by it.
case case obl punct cc conj case obl punct root Under ADP means VERB below ADP something PRON , PUNCT or CCONJ covered VERB by ADP it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Under under ADP _ 2 means case 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 below below ADP _ 4 something case 4 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 means obl 5 , , PUNCT _ 7 covered punct 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 covered cc 7 covered cover VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 means conj 8 by by ADP _ 9 it case 9 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 covered obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present something vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent 2 cover participle by it vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: The cat is under the table.
det nsubj cop case det punct root The DET cat NOUN is AUX under ADP the DET table NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 cat det 2 cat cat NOUN Number=Sing 6 table nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 table cop 4 under under ADP _ 6 table case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 table det 6 table table NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 . . PUNCT _ 6 table punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present the cat the table tree rules
Meaning 2 Under also means less than a number: children under 5, under 10 dollars.
The tree, 13 words advmod advmod obj fixed det obj punct appos case nmod punct case nummod conj punct root Under ADV also ADV means VERB less ADJ than ADP a DET number NOUN : PUNCT children NOUN under ADP 5 NUM , PUNCT under ADP 10 NUM dollars NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Under under ADV _ 3 means advmod 2 also also ADV _ 3 means advmod 3 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 less less ADJ Degree=Cmp 3 means obj 5 than than ADP _ 4 less fixed 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 number det 7 number number NOUN Number=Sing 3 means obj 8 : : PUNCT _ 9 children punct 9 children child NOUN Number=Plur 7 number appos 10 under under ADP _ 11 5 case 11 5 5 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 9 children nmod 12 , , PUNCT _ 15 dollars punct 13 under under ADP _ 15 dollars case 14 10 10 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 15 dollars nummod 15 dollars dollar NOUN Number=Plur 9 children conj 16 . . PUNCT _ 3 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present less under property tree rules
Meaning 3 Under means controlled or ruled by: under the rules, under a king.
The tree, 12 words case ccomp cc conj case punct case det obl:agent punct case det obl punct root Under ADP means VERB controlled VERB or CCONJ ruled VERB by ADP : PUNCT under ADP the DET rules NOUN , PUNCT under ADP a DET king NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Under under ADP _ 2 means case 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 controlled control VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 means ccomp 4 or or CCONJ _ 5 ruled cc 5 ruled rule VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 controlled conj 6 by by ADP _ 10 rules case 7 : : PUNCT _ 6 by punct 8 under under ADP _ 10 rules case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 rules det 10 rules rule NOUN Number=Plur 5 ruled obl:agent 11 , , PUNCT _ 14 king punct 12 under under ADP _ 14 king case 13 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 king det 14 king king NOUN Number=Sing 5 ruled obl 15 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 control participle vn enforce-63 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 3 rule participle under a king vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Meaning 4 Under also means during: the road is under repair.
advmod advmod case punct det nsubj cop case obl punct root Under ADV also ADV means VERB during ADP : PUNCT the DET road NOUN is AUX under ADP repair NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Under under ADV _ 3 means advmod 2 also also ADV _ 3 means advmod 3 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 during during ADP _ 10 repair case 5 : : PUNCT _ 10 repair punct 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 road det 7 road road NOUN Number=Sing 10 repair nsubj 8 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 repair cop 9 under under ADP _ 10 repair case 10 repair repair NOUN Number=Sing 3 means obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present under property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent 2 is present the road during repair tree rules
Example 1 Children under 5 ride free.
nsubj case nummod nmod punct root Children NOUN under ADP 5 NUM ride NOUN free ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Children child NOUN Number=Plur 5 free nsubj 2 under under ADP _ 4 ride case 3 5 5 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 ride nummod 4 ride ride NOUN Number=Sing 1 Children nmod 5 free free ADJ Degree=Pos root root 6 . . PUNCT _ 5 free punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 2 How many numbers under 20 are even?
advmod amod nsubj case nmod cop punct root How ADV many ADJ numbers NOUN under ADP 20 NUM are AUX even ADV ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 How how ADV PronType=Int 2 many advmod 2 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 3 numbers amod 3 numbers number NOUN Number=Plur 7 even nsubj 4 under under ADP _ 5 20 case 5 20 20 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 3 numbers nmod 6 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 even cop 7 even even ADV _ root root 8 ? ? PUNCT _ 7 even punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present many numbers under 20 even property tree rules
Example 3 The box is under the bed.
det nsubj cop case det punct root The DET box NOUN is AUX under ADP the DET bed NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 box det 2 box box NOUN Number=Sing 6 bed nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 bed cop 4 under under ADP _ 6 bed case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 bed det 6 bed bed NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 . . PUNCT _ 6 bed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present the box the bed tree rules
Example 4 She finished in under 3 minutes.
nsubj case case nummod obl punct root She PRON finished VERB in ADP under ADP 3 NUM minutes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 finished nsubj 2 finished finish VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 in in ADP _ 6 minutes case 4 under under ADP _ 6 minutes case 5 3 3 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 6 minutes nummod 6 minutes minute NOUN Number=Plur 2 finished obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 finished punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 finish past She minute vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
Example 5 The submarine went under the water.
det nsubj case det obl punct root The DET submarine NOUN went VERB under ADP the DET water NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 submarine det 2 submarine submarine NOUN Number=Sing 3 went nsubj 3 went go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 under under ADP _ 6 water case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 water det 6 water water NOUN Number=Sing 3 went obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 went punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 go past the submarine the water vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme under water=Location
Example 6 Moles live under the ground.
nsubj case det obl punct root Moles NOUN live VERB under ADP the DET ground NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Moles mole NOUN Number=Plur 2 live nsubj 2 live live VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 under under ADP _ 5 ground case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 ground det 5 ground ground NOUN Number=Sing 2 live obl 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 live punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 live present Moles the ground vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme under ground=Location
Example 7 Everything is under control.
nsubj cop case punct root Everything PRON is AUX under ADP control NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Everything everything PRON Number=Sing PronType=Tot 4 control nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 control cop 3 under under ADP _ 4 control case 4 control control NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 . . PUNCT _ 4 control punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Everything control tree rules
Example 8 The new library is under construction.
det amod nsubj cop case punct root The DET new ADJ library NOUN is AUX under ADP construction NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 library det 2 new new ADJ Degree=Pos 3 library amod 3 library library NOUN Number=Sing 6 construction nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 construction cop 5 under under ADP _ 6 construction case 6 construction construction NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 . . PUNCT _ 6 construction punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present the new library construction tree rules
Example 9 Put your bag under your chair.
nmod:poss obj case nmod:poss obl punct root Put VERB your PRON bag NOUN under ADP your PRON chair NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Put put VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 bag nmod:poss 3 bag bag NOUN Number=Sing 1 Put obj 4 under under ADP _ 6 chair case 5 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 chair nmod:poss 6 chair chair NOUN Number=Sing 1 Put obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 1 Put punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 put imperative you not said here your bag your chair vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent bag=Theme under chair=Destination
Example 10 He looked under the bench--no one!
nsubj case det obl punct det appos punct root He PRON looked VERB under ADP the DET bench NOUN -- PUNCT no DET one NOUN ! PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 looked nsubj 2 looked look VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 under under ADP _ 5 bench case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 bench det 5 bench bench NOUN Number=Sing 2 looked obl 6 -- -- PUNCT _ 8 one punct 7 no no DET PronType=Neg 8 one det 8 one one NOUN Number=Sing 5 bench appos 9 ! ! PUNCT _ 2 looked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 look past He under the bench vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent under bench=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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