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undertaking

Who acts: undertaker, Building, Climbing, shop, Moving, project · What happens: do, arrange, work, build, be, climb · To what, where: something, funerals, tree house, big undertaking, mountain, dangerous undertaking

«undertaking» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: undertaking in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

A big or difficult job or project.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 job	det
2	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 job	amod
3	or	or	CCONJ	_	4 difficult	cc
4	difficult	difficult	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 big	conj
5	job	job	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	or	or	CCONJ	_	7 project	cc
7	project	project	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 job	conj
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 job	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Meaning 2

Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

A promise to do something.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 promise	det
2	promise	promise	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	to	to	PART	_	4 do	mark
4	do	do	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 promise	acl
5	something	something	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	4 do	obj
6	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 promise	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	do	to-infinitive		something					vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality

Meaning 3

The work of an undertaker (arranging funerals).

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 work	det
2	work	work	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 undertaker	case
4	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 undertaker	det
5	undertaker	undertaker	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 work	nmod
6	(	(	PUNCT	_	7 arranging	punct
7	arranging	arrange	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 undertaker	acl
8	funerals	funeral	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 arranging	obj
9	)	)	PUNCT	_	7 arranging	punct
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 work	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	arrange	gerund	a undertaker not said here	funerals					vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent funeral=Product
2	work		a undertaker						nom work «act intransitive»: of=agent

Example 1

Building the tree house was a big undertaking.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Building	build	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 undertaking	csubj
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 house	det
3	tree	tree	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 house	compound
4	house	house	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Building	obj
5	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 undertaking	cop
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 undertaking	det
7	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 undertaking	amod
8	undertaking	undertaking	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 undertaking	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	build	gerund		the tree house					vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset house=Product
2	is a	past	Building	a big undertaking					tree rules

Example 2

Climbing the mountain was a dangerous undertaking.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Climbing	climb	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	7 undertaking	csubj
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 mountain	det
3	mountain	mountain	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Climbing	obj
4	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 undertaking	cop
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 undertaking	det
6	dangerous	dangerous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 undertaking	amod
7	undertaking	undertaking	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 undertaking	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	climb	gerund		the mountain					vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial_Location mountain=Theme
2	is a	past	Climbing	a dangerous undertaking					tree rules

Example 3

The shop gave an undertaking to refund faulty goods.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 shop	det
2	shop	shop	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 gave	nsubj
3	gave	give	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 undertaking	det
5	undertaking	undertaking	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 gave	obj
6	to	to	PART	_	7 refund	mark
7	refund	refund	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 gave	advcl
8	faulty	faulty	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 goods	amod
9	goods	goods	NOUN	Number=Ptan	7 refund	obj
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 gave	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	give	past	the shop	a undertaking					vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent undertaking=Theme
2	refund	to-infinitive	the shop not said here	faulty goods					vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent goods=Theme

Example 4

Moving house is quite an undertaking.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Moving	move	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	6 undertaking	csubj
2	house	house	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Moving	obj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 undertaking	cop
4	quite	quite	ADV	_	6 undertaking	advmod
5	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 undertaking	det
6	undertaking	undertaking	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 undertaking	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	move	gerund		house					vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent house=Theme
2	is a	present	Moving	a undertaking					tree rules

Example 5

The project was a joint undertaking by two schools.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 project	det
2	project	project	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 joint	nsubj
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 joint	cop
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 joint	det
5	joint	joint	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	undertaking	undertake	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 joint	acl
7	by	by	ADP	_	9 schools	case
8	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	9 schools	nummod
9	schools	school	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 undertaking	obl
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 joint	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	past	the project	a joint					tree rules
2	undertake	gerund	a joint not said here					by two schools	vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality

Example 6

She is undertaking a course in first aid.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	She	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 undertaking	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 undertaking	aux
3	undertaking	undertake	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 course	det
5	course	course	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 undertaking	obj
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 aid	case
7	first	first	ADJ	Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	8 aid	amod
8	aid	aid	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 undertaking	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 undertaking	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	undertake	present · progressive	She	a course		first aid			vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent course=Eventuality

Example 7

To cross to the opposite shore was an undertaking fraught with danger to life and limb.

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 cross	mark
2	cross	cross	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	to	to	ADP	_	10 fraught	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 shore	det
5	opposite	opposite	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 shore	amod
6	shore	shore	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 fraught	nsubj
7	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	10 fraught	cop
8	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 fraught	det
9	undertaking	undertake	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	10 fraught	amod
10	fraught	fraught	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 cross	obl
11	with	with	ADP	_	12 danger	case
12	danger	danger	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 fraught	nmod
13	to	to	ADP	_	14 life	case
14	life	life	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 danger	nmod
15	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 limb	cc
16	limb	limb	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 fraught	conj
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 cross	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cross	to-infinitive							vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	undertake	gerund							vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
3	is	past	the opposite shore					to a undertaking fraught and limb; with danger to life	tree rules

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/U/undertaking/