undulate

Who acts: surface, Land, Seaweed, We, head, it · What happens: undulate, be, have, walk, come, wave · To what, where: gentle wavy shape, snake, sand, road, gentle hills, waves

«undulate» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: undulate in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

To undulate is to move up and down or side to side in smooth waves.

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 undulate	mark
2	undulate	undulate	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 move	csubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 move	cop
4	to	to	PART	_	5 move	mark
5	move	move	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	up	up	ADV	_	5 move	advmod
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 down	cc
8	down	down	ADV	_	6 up	conj
9	or	or	CCONJ	_	10 side	cc
10	side	side	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 up	conj
11	to	to	ADP	_	12 side	case
12	side	side	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 move	obl
13	in	in	ADP	_	15 waves	case
14	smooth	smooth	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 waves	amod
15	waves	wave	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 side	nmod
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 move	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	undulate	to-infinitive							vn meander-47.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	is	present						to side in smooth waves; move property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

Land or a surface that undulates has a gentle wavy shape, with soft rises and dips.

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Land	land	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 has	nsubj
2	or	or	CCONJ	_	4 surface	cc
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 surface	det
4	surface	surface	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Land	conj
5	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 undulates	nsubj
6	undulates	undulate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 surface	acl:relcl
7	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 shape	det
9	gentle	gentle	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 shape	amod
10	wavy	wavy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 shape	amod
11	shape	shape	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 has	obj
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 rises	punct
13	with	with	ADP	_	15 rises	case
14	soft	soft	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 rises	amod
15	rises	rise	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 shape	appos
16	and	and	CCONJ	_	17 dips	cc
17	dips	dip	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 rises	conj
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 has	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	undulate	present	a surface						vn meander-47.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	have	present	Land or a surface	a gentle wavy shape					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shape=Patient

Example 1

The snake undulated across the sand.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 snake	det
2	snake	snake	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	undulated	undulate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 snake	acl
4	across	across	ADP	_	6 sand	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 sand	det
6	sand	sand	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 undulated	obl
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 snake	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	undulate	participle		the snake not said here		the sand			vn meander-47.7-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme across sand=Location

Example 2

The road undulated over gentle hills.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 road	det
2	road	road	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	undulated	undulate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 road	acl
4	over	over	ADP	_	6 hills	case
5	gentle	gentle	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 hills	amod
6	hills	hill	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 undulated	obl
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 road	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	undulate	participle		the road not said here		gentle hills			vn meander-47.7-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over hill=Location

Example 3

Seaweed undulates in the waves.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Seaweed	seaweed	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 undulates	nsubj
2	undulates	undulate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	in	in	ADP	_	5 waves	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 waves	det
5	waves	wave	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 undulates	obl
6	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 undulates	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	undulate	present	Seaweed			the waves			vn modes_of_being_with_motion-47.3 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in wave=Location

Example 4

We walked through undulating farmland.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	We	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	2 walked	nsubj
2	walked	walk	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	through	through	SCONJ	_	4 undulating	mark
4	undulating	undulate	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 walked	advcl
5	farmland	farmland	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 undulating	obj
6	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 walked	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	walk	past	We						vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	undulate	gerund	We not said here	farmland					vn meander-47.7-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location farmland=Theme

Example 5

The flag undulated in the breeze.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 flag	det
2	flag	flag	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	undulated	undulate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 flag	acl
4	in	in	ADP	_	6 breeze	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 breeze	det
6	breeze	breeze	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 undulated	obl
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 flag	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	undulate	participle		the flag not said here		the breeze			vn modes_of_being_with_motion-47.3 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in breeze=Location

Example 6

A ribbon undulated behind the gymnast.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 ribbon	det
2	ribbon	ribbon	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	undulated	undulate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 ribbon	acl
4	behind	behind	ADP	_	6 gymnast	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 gymnast	det
6	gymnast	gymnast	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 undulated	obl
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 ribbon	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	undulate	participle		a ribbon not said here		the gymnast			vn modes_of_being_with_motion-47.3 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme behind gymnast=Location

Example 7

Upon my word, as the head came waving and undulating through the air, and reaching almost within arm's length of Prince Jason, it was a very hideous and uncomfortable sight.

The tree, 31 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Upon	upon	ADP	_	3 word	case
2	my	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	3 word	nmod:poss
3	word	word	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 came	punct
5	as	as	SCONJ	_	8 came	mark
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 head	det
7	head	head	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 came	nsubj
8	came	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 word	conj
9	waving	wave	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	8 came	advcl
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 undulating	cc
11	undulating	undulate	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	9 waving	conj
12	through	through	ADP	_	14 air	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 air	det
14	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 undulating	obl
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	34 sight	punct
16	and	and	CCONJ	_	34 sight	cc
17	reaching	reach	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	34 sight	csubj
18	almost	almost	ADV	_	22 length	advmod
19	within	within	ADP	_	22 length	case
20	arm	arm	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 length	nmod:poss
21	's	's	PART	_	20 arm	case
22	length	length	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 reaching	obj
23	of	of	ADP	_	25 Jason	case
24	Prince	Prince	PROPN	Number=Sing	25 Jason	compound
25	Jason	Jason	PROPN	Number=Sing	22 length	nmod
26	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 reaching	punct
27	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	34 sight	nsubj
28	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	34 sight	cop
29	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	34 sight	det
30	very	very	ADV	_	31 hideous	advmod
31	hideous	hideous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	34 sight	amod
32	and	and	CCONJ	_	33 uncomfortable	cc
33	uncomfortable	uncomfortable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	31 hideous	conj
34	sight	sight	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 word	conj
35	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 word	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	come	past	the head			vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	wave	gerund	the head not said here			vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	undulate	gerund	the head not said here		the air	vn meander-47.7-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through air=Location
4	reach	gerund		arm's length of Prince Jason		vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent length=Theme
5	is a	past	it	a hideous sight		tree rules
6	word		my			nom word «communication transitive»: poss=agent

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/U/undulate/