used Who acts: Used past form, Used verb, it, I, She, used bike · What happens: use, be, mean, own, tell, happen · To what, where: Used past form, pen, past, something, Ohio, I · Speech: someone speaks here
«used» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: used in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Used is the past form of use: she used her pen.
amod cop det amod nsubj case nmod punct nsubj nmod:poss obj punct root Used VERB is AUX the DET past ADJ form NOUN of ADP use NOUN : PUNCT she PRON used VERB her PRON pen NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 form amod 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 form cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 form det 4 past past ADJ Degree=Pos 5 form amod 5 form form NOUN Number=Sing 10 used nsubj 6 of of ADP _ 7 use case 7 use use NOUN Number=Sing 5 form nmod 8 : : PUNCT _ 10 used punct 9 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 used nsubj 10 used use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 11 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 12 pen nmod:poss 12 pen pen NOUN Number=Sing 10 used obj 13 . . PUNCT _ 10 used punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use participle vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 is a present the Used past form of use tree rules 3 use past the Used past form form's pen vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pen=Patient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Used means not new, owned before by someone else: a used car.
The tree, 12 words nsubj advmod ccomp punct conj advmod case obl:agent advmod punct det amod conj punct root Used VERB means VERB not PART new ADJ , PUNCT owned VERB before ADV by ADP someone PRON else ADV : PUNCT a DET used VERB car NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 not not PART Polarity=Neg 4 new advmod 4 new new ADJ Degree=Pos 2 means ccomp 5 , , PUNCT _ 6 owned punct 6 owned own VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 new conj 7 before before ADV _ 6 owned advmod 8 by by ADP _ 9 someone case 9 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 6 owned obl:agent 10 else else ADV _ 9 someone advmod 11 : : PUNCT _ 14 car punct 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 car det 13 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 14 car amod 14 car car NOUN Number=Sing 2 means conj 15 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use participle vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent 3 own participle before property vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot 4 use participle vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Meaning 3 «Used to» + verb tells about something that happened often in the past but not now.
The tree, 16 words punct amod xcomp punct cc nsubj case obl nsubj acl:relcl advmod case det obl cc advmod conj punct root « PUNCT Used VERB to PART » PUNCT + SYM verb NOUN tells VERB about ADP something PRON that PRON happened VERB often ADV in ADP the DET past NOUN but CCONJ not PART now ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 2 Used punct 2 Used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 verb amod 3 to to PART _ 2 Used xcomp 4 » » PUNCT _ 2 Used punct 5 + + SYM _ 6 verb cc 6 verb verb NOUN Number=Sing 7 tells nsubj 7 tells tell VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 8 about about ADP _ 9 something case 9 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 7 tells obl 10 that that PRON PronType=Rel 11 happened nsubj 11 happened happen VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 9 something acl:relcl 12 often often ADV _ 11 happened advmod 13 in in ADP _ 15 past case 14 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 15 past det 15 past past NOUN Number=Sing 11 happened obl 16 but but CCONJ _ 18 now cc 17 not not PART Polarity=Neg 18 now advmod 18 now now ADV PronType=Dem 11 happened conj 19 . . PUNCT _ 7 tells punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use in a quote participle vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 tell speech: assert present Used verb about something vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent about something=Topic 3 happen past the past often property vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in past=Location
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
I used to live in Ohio.
nsubj mark xcomp case obl punct root I PRON used VERB to PART live VERB in ADP Ohio PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 used nsubj 2 used use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 to to PART _ 4 live mark 4 live live VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 used xcomp 5 in in ADP _ 6 Ohio case 6 Ohio Ohio PROPN Number=Sing 4 live obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 used punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use past I vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality 2 live to-infinitive I not said here Ohio vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in ohio=Location
Meaning 4 «Be used to» means know something well so it is not strange.
The tree, 12 words punct aux:pass nsubj xcomp punct ccomp obj advmod mark nsubj cop advmod advcl punct root « PUNCT Be AUX used VERB to PART » PUNCT means VERB know VERB something PRON well ADV so SCONJ it PRON is AUX not PART strange ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 3 used punct 2 Be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 3 used aux:pass 3 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 means nsubj 4 to to PART _ 3 used xcomp 5 » » PUNCT _ 3 used punct 6 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 know know VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 means ccomp 8 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 7 know obj 9 well well ADV Degree=Pos 7 know advmod 10 so so SCONJ _ 14 strange mark 11 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 14 strange nsubj 12 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 14 strange cop 13 not not PART Polarity=Neg 14 strange advmod 14 strange strange ADJ Degree=Pos 7 know advcl 15 . . PUNCT _ 6 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use in a quote infinitive · passive vn eat-39.1 «NP V» 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 know infinitive something well property vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer something=Stimulus 4 not is present it strange property tree rules
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
I am used to the cold.
nsubj aux:pass case det obl punct root I PRON am AUX used VERB to ADP the DET cold NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 used nsubj 2 am be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 used aux:pass 3 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 4 to to ADP _ 6 cold case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 cold det 6 cold cold NOUN Number=Sing 3 used obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 used punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use present · passive I to the cold vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
Example 1 She used 6 of her 20 pencils.
nsubj obj case nmod:poss nummod nmod punct root She PRON used VERB 6 NUM of ADP her PRON 20 NUM pencils NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 used nsubj 2 used use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 6 6 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 2 used obj 4 of of ADP _ 7 pencils case 5 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 pencils nmod:poss 6 20 20 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 7 pencils nummod 7 pencils pencil NOUN Number=Plur 3 6 nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 used punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use past She 6 of her 20 pencils vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 6=Patient
Example 2 A used bike costs 40 dollars.
det amod nsubj nummod obj punct root A DET used VERB bike NOUN costs VERB 40 NUM dollars NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 bike det 2 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 bike amod 3 bike bike NOUN Number=Sing 4 costs nsubj 4 costs cost VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 40 40 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 6 dollars nummod 6 dollars dollar NOUN Number=Plur 4 costs obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 costs punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use participle vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 cost present a used bike 40 dollars vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme dollar=Value
Example 3 He used to have 12 fish.
nsubj mark xcomp nummod obj punct root He PRON used VERB to PART have VERB 12 NUM fish NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 used nsubj 2 used use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 to to PART _ 4 have mark 4 have have VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 used xcomp 5 12 12 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 6 fish nummod 6 fish fish NOUN Number=Plur 4 have obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 used punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use past He vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality 2 have to-infinitive He not said here 12 fish vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fish=Patient
Example 4 How much paint was used?
advmod amod nsubj:pass aux:pass punct root How ADV much ADJ paint NOUN was AUX used VERB ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 How how ADV PronType=Int 2 much advmod 2 much much ADJ Degree=Pos 3 paint amod 3 paint paint NOUN Number=Sing 5 used nsubj:pass 4 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 used aux:pass 5 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 6 ? ? PUNCT _ 5 used punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use past · passive much paint vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
Example 5 We bought used books at the fair.
nsubj amod obj case det obl punct root We PRON bought VERB used VERB books NOUN at ADP the DET fair NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 bought nsubj 2 bought buy VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 books amod 4 books book NOUN Number=Plur 2 bought obj 5 at at ADP _ 7 fair case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 fair det 7 fair fair NOUN Number=Sing 2 bought obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 bought punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 buy past We used books the fair vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.source NP.asset»: agent=Agent book=Theme at fair=Asset 2 use participle vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 6 I used to be scared of the dark.
nsubj mark cop xcomp case det obl punct root I PRON used VERB to PART be AUX scared ADJ of ADP the DET dark NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 used nsubj 2 used use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 to to PART _ 5 scared mark 4 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 5 scared cop 5 scared scared ADJ Degree=Pos 2 used xcomp 6 of of ADP _ 8 dark case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 dark det 8 dark dark NOUN Number=Sing 5 scared obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 used punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use past I vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 is to-infinitive I not said here of the dark; scared property tree rules
Example 7 She is used to getting up early.
nsubj aux:pass mark advcl compound:prt advmod punct root She PRON is AUX used VERB to SCONJ getting VERB up ADP early ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 used nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 used aux:pass 3 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 4 to to SCONJ _ 5 getting mark 5 getting get VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 3 used advcl 6 up up ADP _ 5 getting compound:prt 7 early early ADV Degree=Pos 5 getting advmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 used punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use present · passive She vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient 2 get up gerund early property vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer
Example 8 Put used batteries in the special bin.
amod obj case det amod obl punct root Put VERB used VERB batteries NOUN in ADP the DET special ADJ bin NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Put put VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 batteries amod 3 batteries battery NOUN Number=Plur 1 Put obj 4 in in ADP _ 7 bin case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 bin det 6 special special ADJ Degree=Pos 7 bin amod 7 bin bin NOUN Number=Sing 1 Put obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 1 Put punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 put imperative you not said here used batteries the special bin vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent battery=Theme in bin=Destination 2 use participle vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 9 You used to give me pictures."
nsubj mark xcomp iobj obj punct punct root You PRON used VERB to PART give VERB me PRON pictures NOUN . PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 You you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 2 used nsubj 2 used use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 to to PART _ 4 give mark 4 give give VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 used xcomp 5 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 give iobj 6 pictures picture NOUN Number=Plur 4 give obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 used punct 8 " " PUNCT _ 2 used punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use past You vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality 2 give to-infinitive You not said here pictures me vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent i=Recipient picture=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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