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vandalism

Who acts: Damaging, Smashing, Graffiti, Vandalism, police, class · What happens: damage, destroy, break, spray, smash, be · To what, where: property, purpose, windows, paint, shelter glass, act

«vandalism» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: vandalism in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

Damaging or destroying other people's property or public things on purpose, such as breaking windows or spraying paint.

The tree, 19 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Damaging	damage	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	16 breaking	csubj
2	or	or	CCONJ	_	3 destroying	cc
3	destroying	destroy	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	1 Damaging	conj
4	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 people	amod
5	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 property	nmod:poss
6	's	's	PART	_	5 people	case
7	property	property	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 destroying	obj
8	or	or	CCONJ	_	10 things	cc
9	public	public	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 things	amod
10	things	thing	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 property	conj
11	on	on	ADP	_	12 purpose	case
12	purpose	purpose	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 destroying	obl
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 breaking	punct
14	such	such	ADJ	Degree=Pos ExtPos=SCONJ	16 breaking	mark
15	as	as	ADP	_	14 such	fixed
16	breaking	break	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	root	root
17	windows	window	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 breaking	obj
18	or	or	CCONJ	_	19 spraying	cc
19	spraying	spray	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	16 breaking	conj
20	paint	paint	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 spraying	obj
21	.	.	PUNCT	_	16 breaking	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	damage	gerund							vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
2	destroy	gerund		other people's property or public things		purpose			vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent property=Patient
3	break	gerund	Damaging	windows					vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer window=Patient
4	spray	gerund	Damaging not said here	paint					vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent paint=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Example 1

Smashing the bus shelter glass was an act of vandalism.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Smashing	smash	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 act	csubj
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 glass	det
3	bus	bus	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 shelter	compound
4	shelter	shelter	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 glass	compound
5	glass	glass	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Smashing	obj
6	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 act	cop
7	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 act	det
8	act	act	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
9	of	of	ADP	_	10 vandalism	case
10	vandalism	vandalism	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 act	nmod
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 act	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	smash	gerund		the shelter glass					vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent glass=Theme
2	is a	past	Smashing	a act				of vandalism	tree rules

Example 2

The park closed after vandalism to the swings.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 park	det
2	park	park	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	closed	close	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 park	acl
4	after	after	ADP	_	5 vandalism	case
5	vandalism	vandalism	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 closed	obl
6	to	to	ADP	_	8 swings	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 swings	det
8	swings	swing	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 closed	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 park	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	close	participle		the park not said here	the swings		after vandalism		vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to swing=Recipient

Example 3

Graffiti on the school wall counts as vandalism.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Graffiti	graffiti	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 counts	nsubj
2	on	on	ADP	_	5 wall	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 wall	det
4	school	school	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 wall	compound
5	wall	wall	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Graffiti	nmod
6	counts	count	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	as	as	ADP	_	8 vandalism	case
8	vandalism	vandalism	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 counts	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 counts	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	count	present	Graffiti on the school wall					as vandalism	vn masquerade-29.6 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Agent as vandalism=Attribute

Example 4

Vandalism costs the council thousands of pounds each year.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Vandalism	vandalism	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 costs	nsubj
2	costs	cost	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 council	det
4	council	council	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 costs	obj
5	thousands	thousand	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 costs	obj
6	of	of	ADP	_	7 pounds	case
7	pounds	pound	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 thousands	nmod
8	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	9 year	det
9	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 costs	obl:unmarked
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 costs	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cost	present	Vandalism	the council			year		vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Theme council=Beneficiary thousand=Value

Example 5

The police are looking into the vandalism at the station.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 police	det
2	police	police	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 looking	nsubj
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 looking	aux
4	looking	look	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	into	into	ADP	_	7 vandalism	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 vandalism	det
7	vandalism	vandalism	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 looking	obl
8	at	at	ADP	_	10 station	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 station	det
10	station	station	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 looking	obl
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 looking	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	look	present · progressive	the police					at the station; into the vandalism	vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent into vandalism=Theme

Example 6

Our class cleaned up after the vandalism in the playground.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Our	our	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 class	nmod:poss
2	class	class	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 cleaned	nsubj
3	cleaned	clean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	up	up	ADP	_	3 cleaned	compound:prt
5	after	after	ADP	_	7 vandalism	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 vandalism	det
7	vandalism	vandalism	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 cleaned	obl
8	in	in	ADP	_	10 playground	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 playground	det
10	playground	playground	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 cleaned	obl
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 cleaned	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	clean up	past	Our class			the playground	after the vandalism		vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/V/vandalism/