varnish Who acts: Varnish, other surfaces, US, looks, person, Dad · What happens: be, paint, dry, make, varnish, mean · To what, where: clear liquid, wood, hard protective layer, something, coloured paint, polished outward show
«varnish» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: varnish in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Varnish is a clear liquid painted onto wood or other surfaces that dries to make a hard, shiny, protective layer.
The tree, 20 words nsubj cop det amod acl case obl cc amod conj nsubj acl:relcl mark xcomp det amod punct conj punct amod obj punct root Varnish NOUN is AUX a DET clear ADJ liquid NOUN painted VERB onto ADP wood NOUN or CCONJ other ADJ surfaces NOUN that PRON dries VERB to PART make VERB a DET hard ADJ , PUNCT shiny ADJ , PUNCT protective ADJ layer NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Varnish varnish NOUN Number=Sing 5 liquid nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 liquid cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 liquid det 4 clear clear ADJ Degree=Pos 5 liquid amod 5 liquid liquid NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 painted paint VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 liquid acl 7 onto onto ADP _ 8 wood case 8 wood wood NOUN Number=Sing 6 painted obl 9 or or CCONJ _ 11 surfaces cc 10 other other ADJ Degree=Pos 11 surfaces amod 11 surfaces surface NOUN Number=Plur 8 wood conj 12 that that PRON PronType=Rel 13 dries nsubj 13 dries dry VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 surfaces acl:relcl 14 to to PART _ 15 make mark 15 make make VERB VerbForm=Inf 13 dries xcomp 16 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 22 layer det 17 hard hard ADJ Degree=Pos 22 layer amod 18 , , PUNCT _ 19 shiny punct 19 shiny shiny ADJ Degree=Pos 17 hard conj 20 , , PUNCT _ 17 hard punct 21 protective protective ADJ Degree=Pos 22 layer amod 22 layer layer NOUN Number=Sing 15 make obj 23 . . PUNCT _ 5 liquid punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Varnish a clear liquid tree rules 2 paint participle a clear liquid not said here wood or other surfaces vn image_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.theme PP.destination»: agent=Agent onto wood=Destination 3 dry present other surfaces tree rules 4 make to-infinitive other surfaces not said here a hard protective layer vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset layer=Product
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To varnish something is to paint it with varnish.
mark advcl obj cop mark obj case obl punct root To PART varnish VERB something PRON is AUX to PART paint VERB it PRON with ADP varnish NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 varnish mark 2 varnish varnish VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 paint advcl 3 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 varnish obj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 paint cop 5 to to PART _ 6 paint mark 6 paint paint VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 7 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 paint obj 8 with with ADP _ 9 varnish case 9 varnish varnish NOUN Number=Sing 6 paint obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 6 paint punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 varnish to-infinitive something vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent something=Destination 2 is present with varnish; paint property tree rules
Meaning 3 Nail varnish (UK, Australia; US: nail polish) is coloured paint for fingernails and toenails.
The tree, 14 words compound punct appos punct conj punct nsubj punct compound appos punct cop amod conj case nmod cc conj punct root Nail NOUN varnish NOUN ( PUNCT UK PROPN , PUNCT Australia PROPN ; PUNCT US PROPN : PUNCT nail NOUN polish NOUN ) PUNCT is AUX coloured ADJ paint NOUN for ADP fingernails NOUN and CCONJ toenails NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Nail nail NOUN Number=Sing 2 varnish compound 2 varnish varnish NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 ( ( PUNCT _ 4 UK punct 4 UK UK PROPN Number=Sing 2 varnish appos 5 , , PUNCT _ 6 Australia punct 6 Australia Australia PROPN Number=Sing 4 UK conj 7 ; ; PUNCT _ 15 paint punct 8 US US PROPN Number=Sing 15 paint nsubj 9 : : PUNCT _ 11 polish punct 10 nail nail NOUN Number=Sing 11 polish compound 11 polish polish NOUN Number=Sing 8 US appos 12 ) ) PUNCT _ 11 polish punct 13 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 15 paint cop 14 coloured coloured ADJ Degree=Pos 15 paint amod 15 paint paint NOUN Number=Sing 2 varnish conj 16 for for ADP _ 17 fingernails case 17 fingernails fingernail NOUN Number=Plur 15 paint nmod 18 and and CCONJ _ 19 toenails cc 19 toenails toenail NOUN Number=Plur 17 fingernails conj 20 . . PUNCT _ 2 varnish punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present US coloured paint for fingernails and toenails tree rules
Meaning 4 Varnish can also mean the polished outward show of good manners or looks that makes a person seem fine.
The tree, 19 words nsubj aux advmod det amod amod obj case amod nmod cc conj nsubj acl:relcl det obj xcomp xcomp punct root Varnish NOUN can AUX also ADV mean VERB the DET polished VERB outward ADJ show NOUN of ADP good ADJ manners NOUN or CCONJ looks NOUN that PRON makes VERB a DET person NOUN seem VERB fine ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Varnish varnish NOUN Number=Sing 4 mean nsubj 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 mean aux 3 also also ADV _ 4 mean advmod 4 mean mean VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 show det 6 polished polish VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 8 show amod 7 outward outward ADJ Degree=Pos 8 show amod 8 show show NOUN Number=Sing 4 mean obj 9 of of ADP _ 11 manners case 10 good good ADJ Degree=Pos 11 manners amod 11 manners manners NOUN Number=Ptan 8 show nmod 12 or or CCONJ _ 13 looks cc 13 looks look NOUN Number=Plur 11 manners conj 14 that that PRON PronType=Rel 15 makes nsubj 15 makes make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 13 looks acl:relcl 16 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 17 person det 17 person person NOUN Number=Sing 15 makes obj 18 seem seem VERB VerbForm=Inf 15 makes xcomp 19 fine fine ADJ Degree=Pos 18 seem xcomp 20 . . PUNCT _ 4 mean punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean can Varnish the polished outward show of good manners or looks vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent show=Topic 2 polish participle vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent 3 make present looks a person tree rules 4 seem infinitive a person not said here fine property vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Theme 5 show good manners or looks nom show «act transitive»: of=patient
Example 1 Dad put a coat of varnish on the table.
nsubj det obj case nmod case det obl punct root Dad NOUN put VERB a DET coat NOUN of ADP varnish NOUN on ADP the DET table NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Dad dad NOUN Number=Sing 2 put nsubj 2 put put VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 coat det 4 coat coat NOUN Number=Sing 2 put obj 5 of of ADP _ 6 varnish case 6 varnish varnish NOUN Number=Sing 4 coat nmod 7 on on ADP _ 9 table case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 table det 9 table table NOUN Number=Sing 2 put obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 put punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 put past Dad a coat of varnish the table vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent coat=Theme on table=Destination
Example 2 We varnished our wooden boxes in DT.
nsubj nmod:poss amod obj case obl punct root We PRON varnished VERB our PRON wooden ADJ boxes NOUN in ADP DT PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 varnished nsubj 2 varnished varnish VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 boxes nmod:poss 4 wooden wooden ADJ Degree=Pos 5 boxes amod 5 boxes box NOUN Number=Plur 2 varnished obj 6 in in ADP _ 7 DT case 7 DT DT PROPN Number=Sing 2 varnished obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 varnished punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 varnish past We our wooden boxes DT vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent box=Destination
Example 3 Let the varnish dry before touching it.
det compound obj mark advcl obj punct root Let VERB the DET varnish NOUN dry NOUN before SCONJ touching VERB it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Let let VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 dry det 3 varnish varnish NOUN Number=Sing 4 dry compound 4 dry dry NOUN Number=Sing 1 Let obj 5 before before SCONJ _ 6 touching mark 6 touching touch VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 1 Let advcl 7 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 touching obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 1 Let punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 let imperative you not said here the varnish dry vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dry=Theme 2 touch gerund you not said here dry vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme it=Co-Theme
Example 4 My sister painted her nails with red nail varnish.
nmod:poss nsubj nmod:poss obj case amod compound obl punct root My PRON sister NOUN painted VERB her PRON nails NOUN with ADP red ADJ nail NOUN varnish NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 sister nmod:poss 2 sister sister NOUN Number=Sing 3 painted nsubj 3 painted paint VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 nails nmod:poss 5 nails nail NOUN Number=Plur 3 painted obj 6 with with ADP _ 9 varnish case 7 red red ADJ Degree=Pos 9 varnish amod 8 nail nail NOUN Number=Sing 9 varnish compound 9 varnish varnish NOUN Number=Sing 3 painted obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 painted punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 paint past My sister sister's nails with red nail varnish vn image_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination PP.theme»: agent=Agent nail=Destination with varnish=Theme
Example 5 Varnish protects the wood from water.
nsubj det obj case obl punct root Varnish NOUN protects VERB the DET wood NOUN from ADP water NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Varnish varnish NOUN Number=Sing 2 protects nsubj 2 protects protect VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 wood det 4 wood wood NOUN Number=Sing 2 protects obj 5 from from ADP _ 6 water case 6 water water NOUN Number=Sing 2 protects obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 protects punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 protect present Varnish the wood from water vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent wood=Beneficiary from water=Theme
Example 6 Open a window when you use varnish.
det obj mark nsubj advcl obj punct root Open VERB a DET window NOUN when SCONJ you PRON use VERB varnish NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Open open VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 window det 3 window window NOUN Number=Sing 1 Open obj 4 when when SCONJ _ 6 use mark 5 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 6 use nsubj 6 use use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 1 Open advcl 7 varnish varnish NOUN Number=Sing 6 use obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 1 Open punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 open imperative you not said here a window vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location window=Theme 2 use present you varnish vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent varnish=Patient
Example 7 The old varnish was cracked and peeling.
det amod nsubj:pass aux:pass cc conj punct root The DET old ADJ varnish NOUN was AUX cracked VERB and CCONJ peeling VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 varnish det 2 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 3 varnish amod 3 varnish varnish NOUN Number=Sing 5 cracked nsubj:pass 4 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 cracked aux:pass 5 cracked crack VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 6 and and CCONJ _ 7 peeling cc 7 peeling peel VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 5 cracked conj 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 cracked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 crack past · passive the old varnish vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme 2 peel gerund vn pit-10.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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