vocative Who acts: vocative, Tom, name, you, Sam, 's · What happens: be, use, speak, come, change, call · To what, where: word, grammar, special case, languages, ending, someone · Speech: someone speaks here
«vocative» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 5 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: vocative in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 In grammar, the vocative is the word or name used to speak directly to someone, as in «Tom, come here!».
The tree, 20 words case obl punct det nsubj cop det cc conj acl mark xcomp advmod case obl punct mark mark punct nsubj punct parataxis advmod punct punct punct root In ADP grammar NOUN , PUNCT the DET vocative NOUN is AUX the DET word NOUN or CCONJ name NOUN used VERB to PART speak VERB directly ADV to ADP someone PRON , PUNCT as SCONJ in SCONJ « PUNCT Tom PROPN , PUNCT come VERB here ADV ! PUNCT » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 grammar case 2 grammar grammar NOUN Number=Sing 8 word obl 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 grammar punct 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 vocative det 5 vocative vocative NOUN Number=Sing 8 word nsubj 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 word cop 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 word det 8 word word NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 or or CCONJ _ 10 name cc 10 name name NOUN Number=Sing 8 word conj 11 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 8 word acl 12 to to PART _ 13 speak mark 13 speak speak VERB VerbForm=Inf 11 used xcomp 14 directly directly ADV _ 16 someone advmod 15 to to ADP _ 16 someone case 16 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 13 speak obl 17 , , PUNCT _ 23 come punct 18 as as SCONJ _ 23 come mark 19 in in SCONJ _ 23 come mark 20 « « PUNCT _ 23 come punct 21 Tom Tom PROPN Number=Sing 23 come nsubj 22 , , PUNCT _ 21 Tom punct 23 come come VERB VerbForm=Inf 11 used parataxis 24 here here ADV PronType=Dem 23 come advmod 25 ! ! PUNCT _ 23 come punct 26 » » PUNCT _ 23 come punct 27 . . PUNCT _ 8 word punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the vocative the word or name grammar tree rules 2 use participle the word or name not said here vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality 3 speak speech: other to-infinitive to someone vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to someone=Co-Agent 4 come in a quote infinitive Tom here vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 In some languages (Latin, Ukrainian, Polish), the vocative is a special case: the name changes its ending when you call someone (Ukrainian «Ivan» becomes «Ivane»).
The tree, 25 words case det obl punct parataxis punct conj punct conj punct punct det nsubj cop det amod punct det nsubj parataxis nmod:poss obj mark nsubj advcl obj punct amod punct appos punct parataxis punct xcomp punct punct punct root In ADP some DET languages NOUN ( PUNCT Latin ADJ , PUNCT Ukrainian ADJ , PUNCT Polish ADJ ) PUNCT , PUNCT the DET vocative NOUN is AUX a DET special ADJ case NOUN : PUNCT the DET name NOUN changes VERB its PRON ending NOUN when SCONJ you PRON call VERB someone PRON ( PUNCT Ukrainian ADJ « PUNCT Ivan PROPN » PUNCT becomes VERB « PUNCT Ivane PROPN » PUNCT ) PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 3 languages case 2 some some DET PronType=Ind 3 languages det 3 languages language NOUN Number=Plur 17 case obl 4 ( ( PUNCT _ 5 Latin punct 5 Latin Latin ADJ Degree=Pos 3 languages parataxis 6 , , PUNCT _ 7 Ukrainian punct 7 Ukrainian ukrainian ADJ Degree=Pos 5 Latin conj 8 , , PUNCT _ 9 Polish punct 9 Polish polish ADJ Degree=Pos 5 Latin conj 10 ) ) PUNCT _ 5 Latin punct 11 , , PUNCT _ 3 languages punct 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 vocative det 13 vocative vocative NOUN Number=Sing 17 case nsubj 14 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 17 case cop 15 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 17 case det 16 special special ADJ Degree=Pos 17 case amod 17 case case NOUN Number=Sing root root 18 : : PUNCT _ 21 changes punct 19 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 20 name det 20 name name NOUN Number=Sing 21 changes nsubj 21 changes change VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 17 case parataxis 22 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 23 ending nmod:poss 23 ending ending NOUN Number=Sing 21 changes obj 24 when when SCONJ _ 26 call mark 25 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 26 call nsubj 26 call call VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 33 becomes advcl 27 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 26 call obj 28 ( ( PUNCT _ 29 Ukrainian punct 29 Ukrainian ukrainian ADJ Degree=Pos 27 someone amod 30 « « PUNCT _ 31 Ivan punct 31 Ivan Ivan PROPN Number=Sing 29 Ukrainian appos 32 » » PUNCT _ 31 Ivan punct 33 becomes become VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 21 changes parataxis 34 « « PUNCT _ 35 Ivane punct 35 Ivane Ivane PROPN Number=Sing 33 becomes xcomp 36 » » PUNCT _ 35 Ivane punct 37 ) ) PUNCT _ 21 changes punct 38 . . PUNCT _ 17 case punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the vocative a special case some languages tree rules 2 change present the name name's ending vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ending=Patient 3 call present you someone vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent someone=Recipient 4 become present vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient 5 end name nom ending «communication transitive»: poss=agent
Example 1 In «Hurry up, Sam», «Sam» is a vocative.
The tree, 8 words mark punct advcl compound:prt punct obj punct punct punct nsubj punct cop det punct root In SCONJ « PUNCT Hurry VERB up ADP , PUNCT Sam PROPN » PUNCT , PUNCT « PUNCT Sam PROPN » PUNCT is AUX a DET vocative NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in SCONJ _ 3 Hurry mark 2 « « PUNCT _ 3 Hurry punct 3 Hurry hurry VERB VerbForm=Inf 14 vocative advcl 4 up up ADP _ 3 Hurry compound:prt 5 , , PUNCT _ 3 Hurry punct 6 Sam Sam PROPN Number=Sing 3 Hurry obj 7 » » PUNCT _ 6 Sam punct 8 , , PUNCT _ 3 Hurry punct 9 « « PUNCT _ 10 Sam punct 10 Sam Sam PROPN Number=Sing 14 vocative nsubj 11 » » PUNCT _ 10 Sam punct 12 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 14 vocative cop 13 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 vocative det 14 vocative vocative NOUN Number=Sing root root 15 . . PUNCT _ 14 vocative punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hurry up in a quote infinitive Sam not said here Sam vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sam=Agent 2 is a present Sam a vocative tree rules
Example 2 Use a comma before the vocative: «Thanks, Dad.»
det obj case det obl punct punct discourse punct conj punct punct root Use VERB a DET comma NOUN before ADP the DET vocative NOUN : PUNCT « PUNCT Thanks NOUN , PUNCT Dad NOUN . PUNCT » PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Use use VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 comma det 3 comma comma NOUN Number=Sing 1 Use obj 4 before before ADP _ 6 vocative case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 vocative det 6 vocative vocative NOUN Number=Sing 1 Use obl 7 : : PUNCT _ 9 Thanks punct 8 « « PUNCT _ 9 Thanks punct 9 Thanks thanks NOUN Number=Sing 1 Use discourse 10 , , PUNCT _ 11 Dad punct 11 Dad dad NOUN Number=Sing 9 Thanks conj 12 . . PUNCT _ 9 Thanks punct 13 » » PUNCT _ 9 Thanks punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use imperative you not said here a comma before the vocative vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent comma=Patient
Example 3 «Let's eat, Grandma!» — the comma saves Grandma.
punct obj xcomp punct vocative punct punct punct det nsubj conj obj punct root « PUNCT Let VERB 's PRON eat VERB , PUNCT Grandma NOUN ! PUNCT » PUNCT — PUNCT the DET comma NOUN saves VERB Grandma PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 2 Let punct 2 Let let VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 's we PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 Let obj 4 eat eat VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 Let xcomp 5 , , PUNCT _ 6 Grandma punct 6 Grandma grandma NOUN Number=Sing 2 Let vocative 7 ! ! PUNCT _ 2 Let punct 8 » » PUNCT _ 2 Let punct 9 — - PUNCT _ 12 saves punct 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 comma det 11 comma comma NOUN Number=Sing 12 saves nsubj 12 saves save VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 Let conj 13 Grandma Grandma PROPN Number=Sing 12 saves obj 14 . . PUNCT _ 2 Let punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 let in a quote imperative you not said here 's Grandma vocative tree rules 2 eat in a quote infinitive 's not said here vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 save present the comma Grandma vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grandma=Theme
Example 4 In Ukrainian, «mama» becomes «mamo» in the vocative.
case obl punct punct nsubj punct punct xcomp punct case det obl punct root In ADP Ukrainian PROPN , PUNCT « PUNCT mama NOUN » PUNCT becomes VERB « PUNCT mamo NOUN » PUNCT in ADP the DET vocative NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 Ukrainian case 2 Ukrainian Ukrainian PROPN Number=Sing 7 becomes obl 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 Ukrainian punct 4 « « PUNCT _ 5 mama punct 5 mama mama NOUN Number=Sing 7 becomes nsubj 6 » » PUNCT _ 5 mama punct 7 becomes become VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 8 « « PUNCT _ 9 mamo punct 9 mamo mamo NOUN Number=Sing 7 becomes xcomp 10 » » PUNCT _ 9 mamo punct 11 in in ADP _ 13 vocative case 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 vocative det 13 vocative vocative NOUN Number=Sing 7 becomes obl 14 . . PUNCT _ 7 becomes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 become present mama mamo in Ukrainian result ; in the vocative vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in ukrainian=Result
Example 5 «O Lord» is an old vocative used in prayers.
punct discourse nsubj punct cop det amod acl case obl punct root « PUNCT O INTJ Lord PROPN » PUNCT is AUX an DET old ADJ vocative NOUN used VERB in ADP prayers NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 3 Lord punct 2 O o INTJ _ 3 Lord discourse 3 Lord Lord PROPN Number=Sing 8 vocative nsubj 4 » » PUNCT _ 3 Lord punct 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 vocative cop 6 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 vocative det 7 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 8 vocative amod 8 vocative vocative NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 8 vocative acl 10 in in ADP _ 11 prayers case 11 prayers prayer NOUN Number=Plur 9 used obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 8 vocative punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Lord a old vocative tree rules 2 use participle a old vocative not said here prayers vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
← previous vocationalnext → vodka↑ back to V in school dictionary This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/V/vocative/