volcano Who acts: volcano, mountain, hot melted rock, active volcano, dormant one, extinct one · What happens: be, open, melt, come out, erupt, sleep · To what, where: mountain, surface, extinct one, islands, model volcano, town · Speech: someone speaks here
«volcano» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: volcano in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A volcano is a mountain or opening in the Earth's surface where hot melted rock (lava), ash and gases come out from deep inside.
The tree, 25 words det nsubj cop det cc acl case det nmod:poss case obl advmod amod amod nsubj punct appos punct punct conj cc conj acl:relcl advmod case advmod obl punct root A DET volcano NOUN is AUX a DET mountain NOUN or CCONJ opening VERB in ADP the DET Earth PROPN 's PART surface NOUN where ADV hot ADJ melted VERB rock NOUN ( PUNCT lava NOUN ) PUNCT , PUNCT ash NOUN and CCONJ gases NOUN come VERB out ADV from ADP deep ADV inside ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 volcano det 2 volcano volcano NOUN Number=Sing 5 mountain nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 mountain cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 mountain det 5 mountain mountain NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 opening cc 7 opening open VERB VerbForm=Ger 5 mountain acl 8 in in ADP _ 12 surface case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 Earth det 10 Earth Earth PROPN Number=Sing 12 surface nmod:poss 11 's 's PART _ 10 Earth case 12 surface surface NOUN Number=Sing 7 opening obl 13 where where ADV PronType=Rel 24 come advmod 14 hot hot ADJ Degree=Pos 16 rock amod 15 melted melt VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 16 rock amod 16 rock rock NOUN Number=Sing 24 come nsubj 17 ( ( PUNCT _ 18 lava punct 18 lava lava NOUN Number=Sing 16 rock appos 19 ) ) PUNCT _ 18 lava punct 20 , , PUNCT _ 21 ash punct 21 ash ash NOUN Number=Sing 16 rock conj 22 and and CCONJ _ 23 gases cc 23 gases gas NOUN Number=Plur 21 ash conj 24 come come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 surface acl:relcl 25 out out ADV _ 24 come advmod 26 from from ADP _ 28 inside case 27 deep deep ADV _ 28 inside advmod 28 inside inside ADV _ 24 come obl 29 . . PUNCT _ 5 mountain punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a volcano a mountain tree rules 2 open gerund a mountain not said here the Earth's surface vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in surface=Location 3 melt participle vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient 4 come out present hot melted rock and ash and gases out property vn become-109.1 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Patient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 An active volcano can still erupt; a dormant one is sleeping and might erupt again; an extinct one is not expected to erupt again.
The tree, 24 words det amod nsubj aux advmod punct det amod nsubj aux parataxis cc aux conj advmod punct det amod nsubj:pass aux:pass advmod conj mark xcomp advmod punct root An DET active ADJ volcano NOUN can AUX still ADV erupt VERB ; PUNCT a DET dormant ADJ one NOUN is AUX sleeping VERB and CCONJ might AUX erupt VERB again ADV ; PUNCT an DET extinct ADJ one NOUN is AUX not PART expected VERB to PART erupt VERB again ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 An a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 volcano det 2 active active ADJ Degree=Pos 3 volcano amod 3 volcano volcano NOUN Number=Sing 6 erupt nsubj 4 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 6 erupt aux 5 still still ADV _ 6 erupt advmod 6 erupt erupt VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 7 ; ; PUNCT _ 12 sleeping punct 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 one det 9 dormant dormant ADJ Degree=Pos 10 one amod 10 one one NOUN Number=Sing 12 sleeping nsubj 11 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 sleeping aux 12 sleeping sleep VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 6 erupt parataxis 13 and and CCONJ _ 15 erupt cc 14 might might AUX VerbForm=Fin 15 erupt aux 15 erupt erupt VERB VerbForm=Inf 12 sleeping conj 16 again again ADV _ 15 erupt advmod 17 ; ; PUNCT _ 23 expected punct 18 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 20 one det 19 extinct extinct ADJ Degree=Pos 20 one amod 20 one one NOUN Number=Sing 23 expected nsubj:pass 21 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 23 expected aux:pass 22 not not PART Polarity=Neg 23 expected advmod 23 expected expect VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 erupt conj 24 to to PART _ 25 erupt mark 25 erupt erupt VERB VerbForm=Inf 23 expected xcomp 26 again again ADV _ 25 erupt advmod 27 . . PUNCT _ 6 erupt punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 erupt can a active volcano still vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 sleep present · progressive a dormant one vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 erupt might a dormant one not said here again vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 4 not expect present · passive a extinct one tree rules 5 erupt not said to happen to-infinitive a extinct one not said here again vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 1 A volcano erupted and lava flowed down the mountain.
det nsubj cc nsubj conj compound:prt det obj punct root A DET volcano NOUN erupted VERB and CCONJ lava NOUN flowed VERB down ADP the DET mountain NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 volcano det 2 volcano volcano NOUN Number=Sing 3 erupted nsubj 3 erupted erupt VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 4 and and CCONJ _ 6 flowed cc 5 lava lava NOUN Number=Sing 6 flowed nsubj 6 flowed flow VERB Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 erupted conj 7 down down ADP _ 6 flowed compound:prt 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 mountain det 9 mountain mountain NOUN Number=Sing 6 flowed obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 erupted punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 erupt participle a volcano vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 flow down past lava the mountain vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location mountain=Theme
Example 2 Hawaii's islands were made by volcanoes.
nmod:poss case nsubj:pass aux:pass case obl punct root Hawaii PROPN 's PART islands NOUN were AUX made VERB by ADP volcanoes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Hawaii Hawaii PROPN Number=Sing 3 islands nmod:poss 2 's 's PART _ 1 Hawaii case 3 islands island NOUN Number=Plur 5 made nsubj:pass 4 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 made aux:pass 5 made make VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 6 by by ADP _ 7 volcanoes case 7 volcanoes volcano NOUN Number=Plur 5 made obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make past · passive volcanoes Hawaii's islands vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset subject=Product
Example 3 We made a model volcano with baking soda and vinegar.
nsubj det compound obj case compound obl cc conj punct root We PRON made VERB a DET model NOUN volcano NOUN with ADP baking NOUN soda NOUN and CCONJ vinegar NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 made nsubj 2 made make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 volcano det 4 model model NOUN Number=Sing 5 volcano compound 5 volcano volcano NOUN Number=Sing 2 made obj 6 with with ADP _ 8 soda case 7 baking baking NOUN Number=Sing 8 soda compound 8 soda soda NOUN Number=Sing 2 made obl 9 and and CCONJ _ 10 vinegar cc 10 vinegar vinegar NOUN Number=Sing 8 soda conj 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make past We a model volcano with baking soda and vinegar vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent volcano=Product
Example 4 Mount Vesuvius buried the town of Pompeii in ash.
nsubj flat det obj case nmod case obl punct root Mount PROPN Vesuvius PROPN buried VERB the DET town NOUN of ADP Pompeii PROPN in ADP ash NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Mount Mount PROPN Number=Sing 3 buried nsubj 2 Vesuvius Vesuvius PROPN Number=Sing 1 Mount flat 3 buried bury VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 town det 5 town town NOUN Number=Sing 3 buried obj 6 of of ADP _ 7 Pompeii case 7 Pompeii Pompeii PROPN Number=Sing 5 town nmod 8 in in ADP _ 9 ash case 9 ash ash NOUN Number=Sing 3 buried obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 buried punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 bury past Mount the town of Pompeii ash vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent town=Theme in ash=Destination
Example 5 An extinct volcano will not erupt again.
det amod nsubj aux advmod advmod punct root An DET extinct ADJ volcano NOUN will AUX not PART erupt VERB again ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 An a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 volcano det 2 extinct extinct ADJ Degree=Pos 3 volcano amod 3 volcano volcano NOUN Number=Sing 6 erupt nsubj 4 will will AUX VerbForm=Fin 6 erupt aux 5 not not PART Polarity=Neg 6 erupt advmod 6 erupt erupt VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 7 again again ADV _ 6 erupt advmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 6 erupt punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not erupt future a extinct volcano again vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 6 Scientists watch volcanoes for signs of danger.
nsubj obj case obl case nmod punct root Scientists NOUN watch VERB volcanoes NOUN for ADP signs NOUN of ADP danger NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Scientists scientist NOUN Number=Plur 2 watch nsubj 2 watch watch VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 volcanoes volcano NOUN Number=Plur 2 watch obj 4 for for ADP _ 5 signs case 5 signs sign NOUN Number=Plur 2 watch obl 6 of of ADP _ 7 danger case 7 danger danger NOUN Number=Sing 5 signs nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 watch punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 watch present Scientists volcanoes for signs of danger vn search-35.2 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent volcano=Location for sign=Theme 2 sign danger nom sign «communication transitive»: of=patient
Example 7 New Zealand has several active volcanoes.
flat nsubj amod amod obj punct root New PROPN Zealand PROPN has VERB several ADJ active ADJ volcanoes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 New New PROPN Number=Sing 2 Zealand flat 2 Zealand Zealand PROPN Number=Sing 3 has nsubj 3 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 several several ADJ Degree=Pos 6 volcanoes amod 5 active active ADJ Degree=Pos 6 volcanoes amod 6 volcanoes volcano NOUN Number=Plur 3 has obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present New Zealand several active volcanoes vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent volcano=Patient
Example 8 Ash from the volcano stopped planes from flying.
nsubj case det nmod obj mark advcl punct root Ash NOUN from ADP the DET volcano NOUN stopped VERB planes NOUN from SCONJ flying VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Ash ash NOUN Number=Sing 5 stopped nsubj 2 from from ADP _ 4 volcano case 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 volcano det 4 volcano volcano NOUN Number=Sing 1 Ash nmod 5 stopped stop VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 planes plane NOUN Number=Plur 5 stopped obj 7 from from SCONJ _ 8 flying mark 8 flying fly VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 5 stopped advcl 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 stopped punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stop past Ash from the volcano planes vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality plane=Eventuality 2 fly gerund Ash from the volcano not said here vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 9 Does the crater of the volcano know that the glowing lava is pouring from it?
The tree, 15 words aux det nsubj case det nmod mark det amod nsubj aux ccomp case obl punct root Does AUX the DET crater NOUN of ADP the DET volcano NOUN know VERB that SCONJ the DET glowing VERB lava NOUN is AUX pouring VERB from ADP it PRON ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Does do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 know aux 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 crater det 3 crater crater NOUN Number=Sing 7 know nsubj 4 of of ADP _ 6 volcano case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 volcano det 6 volcano volcano NOUN Number=Sing 3 crater nmod 7 know know VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 8 that that SCONJ _ 13 pouring mark 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 lava det 10 glowing glow VERB VerbForm=Ger 11 lava amod 11 lava lava NOUN Number=Sing 13 pouring nsubj 12 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 13 pouring aux 13 pouring pour VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 7 know ccomp 14 from from ADP _ 15 it case 15 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 13 pouring obl 16 ? ? PUNCT _ 7 know punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 know present · do-support the crater of the volcano vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus 2 glow gerund vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 pour present · progressive the glowing lava crater vn substance_emission-43.4-1 «NP.theme V PP.source»: agent=Theme from it=Source
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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