volunteer Who acts: volunteer, they, nobody, them, I, mum · What happens: be, do, pay, want, help, offer · To what, where: someone, job, something, them, information, volunteer
«volunteer» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: volunteer in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A volunteer is someone who does a job without being paid, because they want to help.
The tree, 16 words det nsubj cop nsubj acl:relcl det obj mark aux:pass advcl punct mark nsubj conj mark xcomp punct root A DET volunteer NOUN is AUX someone PRON who PRON does VERB a DET job NOUN without SCONJ being AUX paid VERB , PUNCT because SCONJ they PRON want VERB to PART help VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 volunteer det 2 volunteer volunteer NOUN Number=Sing 4 someone nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 someone cop 4 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind root root 5 who who PRON PronType=Rel 6 does nsubj 6 does do VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 someone acl:relcl 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 job det 8 job job NOUN Number=Sing 6 does obj 9 without without SCONJ _ 11 paid mark 10 being be AUX Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 11 paid aux:pass 11 paid pay VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 does advcl 12 , , PUNCT _ 15 want punct 13 because because SCONJ _ 15 want mark 14 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 15 want nsubj 15 want want VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 paid conj 16 to to PART _ 17 help mark 17 help help VERB VerbForm=Inf 15 want xcomp 18 . . PUNCT _ 4 someone punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a volunteer someone tree rules 2 do present a job vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent job=Eventuality 3 pay gerund · passive vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP» 4 want present they vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme 5 help not said to happen to-infinitive they not said here vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A volunteer is someone who offers to do something nobody forced them to do.
The tree, 14 words det nsubj cop nsubj acl:relcl mark xcomp obj nsubj acl:relcl obj mark xcomp punct root A DET volunteer NOUN is AUX someone PRON who PRON offers VERB to PART do VERB something PRON nobody PRON forced VERB them PRON to PART do VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 volunteer det 2 volunteer volunteer NOUN Number=Sing 4 someone nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 someone cop 4 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind root root 5 who who PRON PronType=Rel 6 offers nsubj 6 offers offer VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 someone acl:relcl 7 to to PART _ 8 do mark 8 do do VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 offers xcomp 9 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 8 do obj 10 nobody nobody PRON Number=Sing PronType=Neg 11 forced nsubj 11 forced force VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 9 something acl:relcl 12 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 forced obj 13 to to PART _ 14 do mark 14 do do VERB VerbForm=Inf 11 forced xcomp 15 . . PUNCT _ 4 someone punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a volunteer someone tree rules 2 offer present tree rules 3 do not said to happen to-infinitive something vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality 4 force past nobody them = they vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent they=Recipient clause=Topic 5 do to-infinitive them = they not said here vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Meaning 3 To volunteer is to offer to do something, or to work without pay.
The tree, 13 words mark compound cop mark mark xcomp obj punct cc mark conj case obl punct root To PART volunteer VERB is AUX to PART offer VERB to PART do VERB something PRON , PUNCT or CCONJ to PART work VERB without ADP pay NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 volunteer mark 2 volunteer volunteer VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 offer compound 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 offer cop 4 to to PART _ 5 offer mark 5 offer offer VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 6 to to PART _ 7 do mark 7 do do VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 offer xcomp 8 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 7 do obj 9 , , PUNCT _ 12 work punct 10 or or CCONJ _ 12 work cc 11 to to PART _ 12 work mark 12 work work VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 5 offer conj 13 without without ADP _ 14 pay case 14 pay pay NOUN Number=Sing 12 work obl 15 . . PUNCT _ 5 offer punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 volunteer to-infinitive vn captain-29.8 «NP V PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent 2 is present offer property tree rules 3 do not said to happen to-infinitive something vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality 4 work to-infinitive without pay vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Meaning 4 To volunteer information is to tell it without being asked.
mark advcl obj cop mark obj mark aux:pass advcl punct root To PART volunteer VERB information NOUN is AUX to PART tell VERB it PRON without SCONJ being AUX asked VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 volunteer mark 2 volunteer volunteer VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 tell advcl 3 information information NOUN Number=Sing 2 volunteer obj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 tell cop 5 to to PART _ 6 tell mark 6 tell tell VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 7 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 tell obj 8 without without SCONJ _ 10 asked mark 9 being be AUX Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 10 asked aux:pass 10 asked ask VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 tell advcl 11 . . PUNCT _ 6 tell punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 volunteer to-infinitive information vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent information=Topic 2 is present tell property tree rules 3 ask speech: ask gerund · passive vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»
Example 1 Can I have a volunteer to hand out the books?
aux nsubj det obj mark xcomp compound:prt det obj punct root Can AUX I PRON have VERB a DET volunteer NOUN to PART hand VERB out ADP the DET books NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 have aux 2 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 have nsubj 3 have have VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 volunteer det 5 volunteer volunteer NOUN Number=Sing 3 have obj 6 to to PART _ 7 hand mark 7 hand hand VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 have xcomp 8 out out ADP _ 7 hand compound:prt 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 books det 10 books book NOUN Number=Plur 7 hand obj 11 ? ? PUNCT _ 3 have punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have can I a volunteer tree rules 2 hand out to-infinitive a volunteer not said here the books vn contribute-13.2 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent book=Theme
Example 2 My mum volunteers at the food bank every Saturday.
nmod:poss nsubj case det compound obl det obl:unmarked punct root My PRON mum NOUN volunteers VERB at ADP the DET food NOUN bank NOUN every DET Saturday PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 mum nmod:poss 2 mum mum NOUN Number=Sing 3 volunteers nsubj 3 volunteers volunteer VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 at at ADP _ 7 bank case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 bank det 6 food food NOUN Number=Sing 7 bank compound 7 bank bank NOUN Number=Sing 3 volunteers obl 8 every every DET PronType=Tot 9 Saturday det 9 Saturday Saturday PROPN Number=Sing 3 volunteers obl:unmarked 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 volunteers punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 volunteer present My mum the food bank saturday vn captain-29.8 «NP V PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent
Example 3 She volunteered to read her poem aloud.
nsubj mark xcomp nmod:poss obj advmod punct root She PRON volunteered VERB to PART read VERB her PRON poem NOUN aloud ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 volunteered nsubj 2 volunteered volunteer VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 to to PART _ 4 read mark 4 read read VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 volunteered xcomp 5 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 poem nmod:poss 6 poem poem NOUN Number=Sing 4 read obj 7 aloud aloud ADV _ 4 read advmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 volunteered punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 volunteer past She vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 read to-infinitive She not said here her poem aloud property vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent poem=Topic
Example 4 Twenty volunteers picked up litter on the beach.
nummod nsubj amod compound:prt case det nmod punct root Twenty NUM volunteers NOUN picked VERB up ADP litter NOUN on ADP the DET beach NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Twenty twenty NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 2 volunteers nummod 2 volunteers volunteer NOUN Number=Plur 5 litter nsubj 3 picked pick VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 litter amod 4 up up ADP _ 3 picked compound:prt 5 litter litter NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 on on ADP _ 8 beach case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 beach det 8 beach beach NOUN Number=Sing 5 litter nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 litter punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 pick up participle vn discover-84-1 «NP V PP.topic S_ING»: agent=Agent
Example 5 Volunteers at the animal shelter walk the dogs.
nsubj case det compound nmod det obj punct root Volunteers NOUN at ADP the DET animal NOUN shelter NOUN walk VERB the DET dogs NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Volunteers volunteer NOUN Number=Plur 6 walk nsubj 2 at at ADP _ 5 shelter case 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 shelter det 4 animal animal NOUN Number=Sing 5 shelter compound 5 shelter shelter NOUN Number=Sing 1 Volunteers nmod 6 walk walk VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 dogs det 8 dogs dog NOUN Number=Plur 6 walk obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 6 walk punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 walk infinitive Volunteers at the animal shelter the dogs vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dog=Agent
Example 6 Each of 12 volunteers worked 3 hours, so they gave 36 hours in all.
The tree, 14 words det case nummod nsubj nummod obj punct advmod nsubj conj nummod obj case obl punct root Each DET of ADP 12 NUM volunteers NOUN worked VERB 3 NUM hours NOUN , PUNCT so ADV they PRON gave VERB 36 NUM hours NOUN in ADP all DET . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Each each DET PronType=Tot 4 volunteers det 2 of of ADP _ 3 12 case 3 12 12 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 volunteers nummod 4 volunteers volunteer NOUN Number=Plur 5 worked nsubj 5 worked work VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 3 3 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 7 hours nummod 7 hours hour NOUN Number=Plur 5 worked obj 8 , , PUNCT _ 11 gave punct 9 so so ADV _ 11 gave advmod 10 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 gave nsubj 11 gave give VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 worked conj 12 36 36 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 13 hours nummod 13 hours hour NOUN Number=Plur 11 gave obj 14 in in ADP _ 15 all case 15 all all DET PronType=Tot 11 gave obl 16 . . PUNCT _ 5 worked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 work past each 12 volunteers hour vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 give past volunteers = volunteer all hour vn break_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient
Example 7 He volunteered the answer before anyone asked.
nsubj det obj mark nsubj advcl punct root He PRON volunteered VERB the DET answer NOUN before SCONJ anyone PRON asked VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 volunteered nsubj 2 volunteered volunteer VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 answer det 4 answer answer NOUN Number=Sing 2 volunteered obj 5 before before SCONJ _ 7 asked mark 6 anyone anyone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 7 asked nsubj 7 asked ask VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 volunteered advcl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 volunteered punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 volunteer past He the answer vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent answer=Topic 2 ask speech: ask past anyone vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 8 The king then promised a large reward to the soldier who would volunteer for the post.
The tree, 16 words det nsubj advmod det amod obj case det obl nsubj aux acl:relcl case det obl punct root The DET king NOUN then ADV promised VERB a DET large ADJ reward NOUN to ADP the DET soldier NOUN who PRON would AUX volunteer VERB for ADP the DET post NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 king det 2 king king NOUN Number=Sing 4 promised nsubj 3 then then ADV PronType=Dem 4 promised advmod 4 promised promise VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 reward det 6 large large ADJ Degree=Pos 7 reward amod 7 reward reward NOUN Number=Sing 4 promised obj 8 to to ADP _ 10 soldier case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 soldier det 10 soldier soldier NOUN Number=Sing 4 promised obl 11 who who PRON PronType=Rel 13 volunteer nsubj 12 would would AUX VerbForm=Fin 13 volunteer aux 13 volunteer volunteer VERB VerbForm=Inf 10 soldier acl:relcl 14 for for ADP _ 16 post case 15 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 16 post det 16 post post NOUN Number=Sing 13 volunteer obl 17 . . PUNCT _ 4 promised punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 promise speech: promise past the king a large reward then to the soldier goal vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent reward=Theme to soldier=Goal 2 volunteer would the soldier for the post vn captain-29.8 «NP V PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent for post=Beneficiary
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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