wailing

Who acts: pain, Wall, Jewish people, baby, We, siren · What happens: cry, complain, be, pray, wail, hear · To what, where: name, middle, wailing, old house, homework, Western Wall · Speech: someone speaks here

«wailing» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: wailing in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

A long, loud, high cry of pain, sadness or anger.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 cry	det
2	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 cry	amod
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 long	punct
4	loud	loud	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 cry	amod
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 loud	punct
6	high	high	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 cry	amod
7	cry	cry	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 pain	case
9	pain	pain	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 cry	nmod
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 sadness	punct
11	sadness	sadness	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 cry	conj
12	or	or	CCONJ	_	13 anger	cc
13	anger	anger	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 sadness	conj
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 cry	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cry		pain						nom cry «communication intransitive»: of=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

A long, high sound like a cry, such as a siren or the wind.

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 sound	det
2	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 sound	amod
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 long	punct
4	high	high	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 sound	amod
5	sound	sound	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	like	like	ADP	_	8 cry	case
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 cry	det
8	cry	cry	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 sound	nmod
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 siren	punct
10	such	such	ADJ	Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP	13 siren	case
11	as	as	ADP	_	10 such	fixed
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 siren	det
13	siren	siren	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 cry	conj
14	or	or	CCONJ	_	16 wind	cc
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 wind	det
16	wind	wind	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 cry	conj
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 sound	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Meaning 3

Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.

Complaining loudly and at length.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Complaining	complain	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	loudly	loudly	ADV	_	1 Complaining	advmod
3	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 length	cc
4	at	at	ADP	_	5 length	case
5	length	length	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 loudly	conj
6	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Complaining	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	complain speech: other	gerund						loudly property	vn complain-37.8 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Meaning 4

The Wailing Wall is a name for the Western Wall in Jerusalem, a holy place where Jewish people pray.

The tree, 19 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 Wall	det
2	Wailing	wailing	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 Wall	nmod:desc
3	Wall	Wall	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 name	nsubj
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 name	cop
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 name	det
6	name	name	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
7	for	for	ADP	_	10 Wall	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 Wall	det
9	Western	Western	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 Wall	amod
10	Wall	Wall	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 name	nmod
11	in	in	ADP	_	12 Jerusalem	case
12	Jerusalem	Jerusalem	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 Wall	nmod
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 place	punct
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	16 place	det
15	holy	holy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 place	amod
16	place	place	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 name	conj
17	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	20 pray	advmod
18	Jewish	Jewish	ADJ	Degree=Pos	19 people	amod
19	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	20 pray	nsubj
20	pray	pray	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	16 place	acl:relcl
21	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 name	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	the Wall Wailing	a name and a holy place				for the Western Wall in Jerusalem	tree rules
2	pray	present	Jewish people						vn long-32.2 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Pivot

Example 1

The baby was wailing in the middle of the night.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 baby	det
2	baby	baby	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 wailing	nsubj
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 wailing	aux
4	wailing	wail	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 middle	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 middle	det
7	middle	middle	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 wailing	obl
8	of	of	ADP	_	10 night	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 night	det
10	night	night	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 middle	nmod
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 wailing	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	wail	past · progressive	the baby			the middle of the night			vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in middle=Location

Example 2

We heard the wailing of a fire engine's siren.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	We	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	2 heard	nsubj
2	heard	hear	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 wailing	det
4	wailing	wailing	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 heard	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	10 siren	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 engine	det
7	fire	fire	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 engine	compound
8	engine	engine	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 siren	nmod:poss
9	's	's	PART	_	8 engine	case
10	siren	siren	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 wailing	nmod
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 heard	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hear	past	We	the wailing of a fire engine's siren					vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer wailing=Stimulus
2	wail		a fire engine's siren						nom wailing «act intransitive»: of=agent

Example 3

The wind was wailing around the old house.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 wind	det
2	wind	wind	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 wailing	nsubj
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 wailing	aux
4	wailing	wail	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	around	around	ADP	_	8 house	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 house	det
7	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 house	amod
8	house	house	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 wailing	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 wailing	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	wail	past · progressive	the wind			the old house			vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme around house=Location

Example 4

There was wailing and crying when the dog ran away.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	There	there	PRON	PronType=Dem	2 was	expl
2	was	be	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	wailing	wail	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	2 was	xcomp
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 crying	cc
5	crying	cry	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	3 wailing	conj
6	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	9 ran	advmod
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 dog	det
8	dog	dog	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 ran	nsubj
9	ran	run	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 crying	advcl
10	away	away	ADV	_	9 ran	advmod
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 was	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	where	other	roles by
1	be	past		there		tree rules
2	wail	gerund				vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	cry speech: express	gerund				vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	run away	past	the dog		away property	vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Example 5

Stop wailing about your homework and just start it!

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Stop	stop	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	wailing	wail	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	1 Stop	xcomp
3	about	about	ADP	_	5 homework	case
4	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 homework	nmod:poss
5	homework	homework	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 wailing	obl
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 start	cc
7	just	just	ADV	_	8 start	advmod
8	start	start	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	1 Stop	conj
9	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 start	obj
10	!	!	PUNCT	_	1 Stop	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	stop	imperative	you not said here			vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality
2	wail	gerund	you not said here		about your homework	vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about homework=Topic
3	start	infinitive	you not said here	homework		vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Eventuality

Example 6

People pray at the Western Wall, also called the Wailing Wall.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	People	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 pray	nsubj
2	pray	pray	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	at	at	ADP	_	6 Wall	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 Wall	det
5	Western	Western	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 Wall	amod
6	Wall	Wall	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 pray	obl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 called	punct
8	also	also	ADV	_	9 called	advmod
9	called	call	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 pray	conj
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 Wall	det
11	Wailing	wailing	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 Wall	nmod:desc
12	Wall	Wall	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 called	xcomp
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 pray	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	pray	present	People			the Western Wall			vn long-32.2 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Pivot
2	call	participle	People not said here						vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Example 7

The ghost in the story made a terrible wailing sound.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 ghost	det
2	ghost	ghost	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 made	nsubj
3	in	in	ADP	_	5 story	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 story	det
5	story	story	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 ghost	nmod
6	made	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 sound	det
8	terrible	terrible	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 sound	amod
9	wailing	wailing	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 sound	compound
10	sound	sound	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 made	obj
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 made	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	past	the ghost in the story	a terrible wailing sound					vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset sound=Product

Example 8

In one of the houses he heard cries and wailing.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	2 one	case
2	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	7 heard	obl
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 houses	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 houses	det
5	houses	house	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 one	nmod
6	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 heard	nsubj
7	heard	hear	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	cries	cry	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 heard	obj
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 wailing	cc
10	wailing	wailing	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 cries	conj
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 heard	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hear	past	he	cries and wailing				in one of the houses	vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer cry=Stimulus

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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