wampum Who acts: Small beads, European settlers, word, museum, teacher, wampum · What happens: make, string together, weave, use, record, tell · To what, where: Small beads, white shells, belts, Wampum belts, agreements, histories · Speech: someone speaks here
«wampum» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: wampum in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Small beads made from white and purple shells, strung together or woven into belts by Native American peoples of eastern North America.
The tree, 22 words amod nsubj acl case amod cc conj obl punct advmod cc conj case obl case amod amod obl case amod compound nmod punct root Small ADJ beads NOUN made VERB from ADP white ADJ and CCONJ purple ADJ shells NOUN , PUNCT strung VERB together ADV or CCONJ woven VERB into ADP belts NOUN by ADP Native ADJ American ADJ peoples NOUN of ADP eastern ADJ North PROPN America PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Small small ADJ Degree=Pos 2 beads amod 2 beads bead NOUN Number=Plur 10 strung nsubj 3 made make VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 beads acl 4 from from ADP _ 8 shells case 5 white white ADJ Degree=Pos 8 shells amod 6 and and CCONJ _ 7 purple cc 7 purple purple ADJ Degree=Pos 5 white conj 8 shells shell NOUN Number=Plur 3 made obl 9 , , PUNCT _ 10 strung punct 10 strung string VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part root root 11 together together ADV _ 10 strung advmod 12 or or CCONJ _ 13 woven cc 13 woven weave VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 10 strung conj 14 into into ADP _ 15 belts case 15 belts belt NOUN Number=Plur 13 woven obl 16 by by ADP _ 19 peoples case 17 Native native ADJ Degree=Pos 19 peoples amod 18 American American ADJ Degree=Pos 19 peoples amod 19 peoples people NOUN Number=Plur 13 woven obl 20 of of ADP _ 23 America case 21 eastern eastern ADJ Degree=Pos 23 America amod 22 North North PROPN Number=Sing 23 America compound 23 America America PROPN Number=Sing 19 peoples nmod 24 . . PUNCT _ 10 strung punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make participle Small beads not said here white shells vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset from shell=Material 2 string together participle Small beads together property vn tape-22.4 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient 3 weave participle Small beads not said here belts by Native American peoples of eastern North America vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme into belt=Destination
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Wampum belts were used to record agreements, tell histories and mark important promises between nations.
The tree, 15 words compound nsubj:pass aux:pass mark xcomp obj punct conj obj cc conj amod obj case obl punct root Wampum NOUN belts NOUN were AUX used VERB to PART record VERB agreements NOUN , PUNCT tell VERB histories NOUN and CCONJ mark VERB important ADJ promises NOUN between ADP nations NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Wampum wampum NOUN Number=Sing 2 belts compound 2 belts belt NOUN Number=Plur 4 used nsubj:pass 3 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 used aux:pass 4 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 to to PART _ 6 record mark 6 record record VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 used xcomp 7 agreements agreement NOUN Number=Plur 6 record obj 8 , , PUNCT _ 9 tell punct 9 tell tell VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 record conj 10 histories history NOUN Number=Plur 9 tell obj 11 and and CCONJ _ 12 mark cc 12 mark mark VERB VerbForm=Inf 9 tell conj 13 important important ADJ Degree=Pos 14 promises amod 14 promises promise NOUN Number=Plur 12 mark obj 15 between between ADP _ 16 nations case 16 nations nation NOUN Number=Plur 12 mark obl 17 . . PUNCT _ 4 used punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use past · passive Wampum belts vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S_INF»: subject=Theme clause=Eventuality 2 record to-infinitive agreements vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent agreement=Theme 3 tell speech: assert infinitive histories vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent history=Recipient 4 mark infinitive important promises nations vn image_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.theme PP.destination»: agent=Agent promise=Theme between nation=Destination
Meaning 3 Later, European settlers also used wampum as a kind of money, so the word sometimes means shell money.
The tree, 18 words advmod punct amod nsubj advmod obj case det obl case nmod punct advmod det nsubj advmod parataxis compound obj punct root Later ADV , PUNCT European ADJ settlers NOUN also ADV used VERB wampum NOUN as ADP a DET kind NOUN of ADP money NOUN , PUNCT so ADV the DET word NOUN sometimes ADV means VERB shell NOUN money NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Later late ADV Degree=Cmp 6 used advmod 2 , , PUNCT _ 1 Later punct 3 European European ADJ Degree=Pos 4 settlers amod 4 settlers settler NOUN Number=Plur 6 used nsubj 5 also also ADV _ 6 used advmod 6 used use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 7 wampum wampum NOUN Number=Sing 6 used obj 8 as as ADP _ 10 kind case 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 kind det 10 kind kind NOUN Number=Sing 6 used obl 11 of of ADP _ 12 money case 12 money money NOUN Number=Sing 10 kind nmod 13 , , PUNCT _ 18 means punct 14 so so ADV _ 18 means advmod 15 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 16 word det 16 word word NOUN Number=Sing 18 means nsubj 17 sometimes sometimes ADV PronType=Ind 18 means advmod 18 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 used parataxis 19 shell shell NOUN Number=Sing 20 money compound 20 money money NOUN Number=Sing 18 means obj 21 . . PUNCT _ 6 used punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use past European settlers wampum as a kind of money; late property vn spend_time-104 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent wampum=Duration as kind=Attribute 2 mean present the word shell money sometimes property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent money=Topic
Meaning 4 Usage: old slang, US — kept apart, not parsed.
Money in general — now rare and can sound disrespectful.
nsubj case punct advmod conj cc aux conj xcomp punct root Money NOUN in ADP general ADJ — PUNCT now ADV rare ADJ and CCONJ can AUX sound VERB disrespectful ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Money money NOUN Number=Sing 3 general nsubj 2 in in ADP _ 3 general case 3 general general ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 — - PUNCT _ 6 rare punct 5 now now ADV PronType=Dem 6 rare advmod 6 rare rare ADJ Degree=Pos 3 general conj 7 and and CCONJ _ 9 sound cc 8 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 9 sound aux 9 sound sound VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 general conj 10 disrespectful disrespectful ADJ Degree=Pos 9 sound xcomp 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 general punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sound can disrespectful property vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus
Example 1 The museum showed a wampum belt made of purple and white shell beads.
det nsubj det compound obj acl case amod cc conj compound obl punct root The DET museum NOUN showed VERB a DET wampum NOUN belt NOUN made VERB of ADP purple ADJ and CCONJ white ADJ shell NOUN beads NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 museum det 2 museum museum NOUN Number=Sing 3 showed nsubj 3 showed show VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 belt det 5 wampum wampum NOUN Number=Sing 6 belt compound 6 belt belt NOUN Number=Sing 3 showed obj 7 made make VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 belt acl 8 of of ADP _ 13 beads case 9 purple purple ADJ Degree=Pos 13 beads amod 10 and and CCONJ _ 11 white cc 11 white white ADJ Degree=Pos 9 purple conj 12 shell shell NOUN Number=Sing 13 beads compound 13 beads bead NOUN Number=Plur 7 made obl 14 . . PUNCT _ 3 showed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 show past the museum a wampum belt vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent belt=Recipient 2 make participle a wampum belt not said here of purple shell beads vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset
Example 2 Wampum belts were used to remember a treaty between two nations.
compound nsubj:pass aux:pass mark xcomp det obj case nummod obl punct root Wampum NOUN belts NOUN were AUX used VERB to PART remember VERB a DET treaty NOUN between ADP two NUM nations NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Wampum wampum NOUN Number=Sing 2 belts compound 2 belts belt NOUN Number=Plur 4 used nsubj:pass 3 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 used aux:pass 4 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 to to PART _ 6 remember mark 6 remember remember VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 used xcomp 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 treaty det 8 treaty treaty NOUN Number=Sing 6 remember obj 9 between between ADP _ 11 nations case 10 two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 11 nations nummod 11 nations nation NOUN Number=Plur 6 remember obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 4 used punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use past · passive Wampum belts vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S_INF»: subject=Theme clause=Eventuality 2 remember to-infinitive a treaty between two nations vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent treaty=Theme
Example 3 The beads were made from quahog clam shells.
det nsubj:pass aux:pass case compound compound obl punct root The DET beads NOUN were AUX made VERB from ADP quahog NOUN clam NOUN shells NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 beads det 2 beads bead NOUN Number=Plur 4 made nsubj:pass 3 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 made aux:pass 4 made make VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 from from ADP _ 8 shells case 6 quahog quahog NOUN Number=Sing 8 shells compound 7 clam clam NOUN Number=Sing 8 shells compound 8 shells shell NOUN Number=Plur 4 made obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make past · passive the beads quahog clam shells vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: subject=Product from shell=Material
Example 4 Our teacher said wampum was much more than money.
nmod:poss nsubj nsubj cop advmod obj case nmod punct root Our PRON teacher NOUN said VERB wampum NOUN was AUX much ADV more ADJ than ADP money NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 teacher nmod:poss 2 teacher teacher NOUN Number=Sing 3 said nsubj 3 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 wampum wampum NOUN Number=Sing 7 more nsubj 5 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 more cop 6 much much ADV _ 7 more advmod 7 more more ADJ Degree=Cmp 3 said obj 8 than than ADP _ 9 money case 9 money money NOUN Number=Sing 7 more nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 said punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert past Our teacher vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 2 is past wampum than money; more property tree rules
Example 5 A speaker held up a string of wampum before giving an important message.
det nsubj amod compound:prt det case nmod mark acl det amod obj punct root A DET speaker NOUN held VERB up ADP a DET string NOUN of ADP wampum NOUN before SCONJ giving VERB an DET important ADJ message NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 speaker det 2 speaker speaker NOUN Number=Sing 6 string nsubj 3 held hold VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 string amod 4 up up ADP _ 3 held compound:prt 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 string det 6 string string NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 of of ADP _ 8 wampum case 8 wampum wampum NOUN Number=Sing 6 string nmod 9 before before SCONJ _ 10 giving mark 10 giving give VERB VerbForm=Ger 6 string acl 11 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 message det 12 important important ADJ Degree=Pos 13 message amod 13 message message NOUN Number=Sing 10 giving obj 14 . . PUNCT _ 6 string punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hold up participle vn support-15.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot 2 give gerund a held string of wampum not said here a important message vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent message=Theme
Example 6 The pattern on the belt showed two paths side by side.
det nsubj case det nmod nummod obj obl:unmarked case nmod punct root The DET pattern NOUN on ADP the DET belt NOUN showed VERB two NUM paths NOUN side NOUN by ADP side NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 pattern det 2 pattern pattern NOUN Number=Sing 6 showed nsubj 3 on on ADP _ 5 belt case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 belt det 5 belt belt NOUN Number=Sing 2 pattern nmod 6 showed show VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 7 two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 8 paths nummod 8 paths path NOUN Number=Plur 6 showed obj 9 side side NOUN Number=Sing 6 showed obl:unmarked 10 by by ADP _ 11 side case 11 side side NOUN Number=Sing 9 side nmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 6 showed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 show past the pattern on the belt two paths side by side obl:unmarked vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent path=Recipient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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