waterfall Who acts: waterfall, river, We, Niagara Falls, Angel, Rocks · What happens: be, flow, fall down, walk, roar, get · To what, where: place, edge, forest, border, highest waterfall, world
«waterfall» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: waterfall in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A waterfall is a place where a river or stream flows over the edge of a cliff or steep rock and falls down.
The tree, 23 words det nsubj cop det advmod det nsubj cc conj acl:relcl case det obl case det nmod cc amod conj cc conj advmod punct root A DET waterfall NOUN is AUX a DET place NOUN where ADV a DET river NOUN or CCONJ stream NOUN flows VERB over ADP the DET edge NOUN of ADP a DET cliff NOUN or CCONJ steep ADJ rock NOUN and CCONJ falls VERB down ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 waterfall det 2 waterfall waterfall NOUN Number=Sing 5 place nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 place cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 place det 5 place place NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 where where ADV PronType=Rel 11 flows advmod 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 river det 8 river river NOUN Number=Sing 11 flows nsubj 9 or or CCONJ _ 10 stream cc 10 stream stream NOUN Number=Sing 8 river conj 11 flows flow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 place acl:relcl 12 over over ADP _ 14 edge case 13 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 edge det 14 edge edge NOUN Number=Sing 11 flows obl 15 of of ADP _ 17 cliff case 16 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 17 cliff det 17 cliff cliff NOUN Number=Sing 14 edge nmod 18 or or CCONJ _ 20 rock cc 19 steep steep ADJ Degree=Pos 20 rock amod 20 rock rock NOUN Number=Sing 17 cliff conj 21 and and CCONJ _ 22 falls cc 22 falls fall VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 flows conj 23 down down ADV _ 22 falls advmod 24 . . PUNCT _ 5 place punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a waterfall a place tree rules 2 flow present a river or stream the edge of a cliff or steep rock vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over edge=Location 3 fall down present a river or stream not said here down property vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Example 1 We walked to the waterfall in the forest.
nsubj case det obl case det obl punct root We PRON walked VERB to ADP the DET waterfall NOUN in ADP the DET forest NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 walked nsubj 2 walked walk VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 to to ADP _ 5 waterfall case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 waterfall det 5 waterfall waterfall NOUN Number=Sing 2 walked obl 6 in in ADP _ 8 forest case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 forest det 8 forest forest NOUN Number=Sing 2 walked obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 walked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 walk past We the forest to the waterfall result vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to waterfall=Result
Example 2 Niagara Falls is on the border of Canada and the USA.
compound nsubj cop case det case nmod cc det conj punct root Niagara PROPN Falls PROPN is AUX on ADP the DET border NOUN of ADP Canada PROPN and CCONJ the DET USA PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Niagara Niagara PROPN Number=Sing 2 Falls compound 2 Falls Falls PROPN Number=Sing 6 border nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 border cop 4 on on ADP _ 6 border case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 border det 6 border border NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 of of ADP _ 8 Canada case 8 Canada Canada PROPN Number=Sing 6 border nmod 9 and and CCONJ _ 11 USA cc 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 USA det 11 USA USA PROPN Number=Sing 8 Canada conj 12 . . PUNCT _ 6 border punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Niagara Falls the border of Canada and the USA tree rules
Example 3 The waterfall roared as we got closer.
det nsubj mark nsubj advcl xcomp punct root The DET waterfall NOUN roared VERB as SCONJ we PRON got VERB closer ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 waterfall det 2 waterfall waterfall NOUN Number=Sing 3 roared nsubj 3 roared roar VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 as as SCONJ _ 6 got mark 5 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 6 got nsubj 6 got get VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 roared advcl 7 closer close ADJ Degree=Cmp 6 got xcomp 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 roared punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 roar past the waterfall vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 get past we close property vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer
Example 4 Angel Falls is the highest waterfall in the world.
nsubj appos cop det amod case det nmod punct root Angel NOUN Falls PROPN is AUX the DET highest ADJ waterfall NOUN in ADP the DET world NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Angel angel NOUN Number=Sing 6 waterfall nsubj 2 Falls Falls PROPN Number=Sing 1 Angel appos 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 waterfall cop 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 waterfall det 5 highest high ADJ Degree=Sup 6 waterfall amod 6 waterfall waterfall NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 in in ADP _ 9 world case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 world det 9 world world NOUN Number=Sing 6 waterfall nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 6 waterfall punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Angel the highest waterfall the world tree rules
Example 5 Rocks near a waterfall are slippery.
nsubj case det nmod cop punct root Rocks NOUN near ADP a DET waterfall NOUN are AUX slippery ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Rocks rock NOUN Number=Plur 6 slippery nsubj 2 near near ADP _ 4 waterfall case 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 waterfall det 4 waterfall waterfall NOUN Number=Sing 1 Rocks nmod 5 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 slippery cop 6 slippery slippery ADJ Degree=Pos root root 7 . . PUNCT _ 6 slippery punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Rocks near a waterfall slippery property tree rules
Example 6 The water crashes into a plunge pool.
det nsubj case det compound obl punct root The DET water NOUN crashes VERB into ADP a DET plunge NOUN pool NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 water det 2 water water NOUN Number=Sing 3 crashes nsubj 3 crashes crash VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 into into ADP _ 7 pool case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 pool det 6 plunge plunge NOUN Number=Sing 7 pool compound 7 pool pool NOUN Number=Sing 3 crashes obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 crashes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 crash present the water into a plunge pool result vn break-45.1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Patient into pool=Result
Example 7 A rainbow appeared in the waterfall's spray.
det nsubj case det nmod:poss case obl punct root A DET rainbow NOUN appeared VERB in ADP the DET waterfall NOUN 's PART spray NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 rainbow det 2 rainbow rainbow NOUN Number=Sing 3 appeared nsubj 3 appeared appear VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 in in ADP _ 8 spray case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 waterfall det 6 waterfall waterfall NOUN Number=Sing 8 spray nmod:poss 7 's 's PART _ 6 waterfall case 8 spray spray NOUN Number=Sing 3 appeared obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 appeared punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 appear past a rainbow the waterfall's spray vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in spray=Location
Example 8 They lay in wait at the waterfalls up which I leaped like a silver flash.
The tree, 15 words nsubj case obl case det obl compound:prt nsubj nsubj conj case det amod obl punct root They PRON lay VERB in ADP wait NOUN at ADP the DET waterfalls NOUN up ADP which PRON I PRON leaped VERB like ADP a DET silver ADJ flash NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 They they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 lay nsubj 2 lay lay VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 in in ADP _ 4 wait case 4 wait wait NOUN Number=Sing 2 lay obl 5 at at ADP _ 7 waterfalls case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 waterfalls det 7 waterfalls waterfall NOUN Number=Plur 2 lay obl 8 up up ADP _ 2 lay compound:prt 9 which which PRON PronType=Rel 11 leaped nsubj 10 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 11 leaped nsubj 11 leaped leap VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 lay conj 12 like like ADP _ 15 flash case 13 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 flash det 14 silver silver ADJ Degree=Pos 15 flash amod 15 flash flash NOUN Number=Sing 11 leaped obl 16 . . PUNCT _ 2 lay punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lay up present They wait at the waterfalls vn put_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in wait=Destination 2 leap past like a silver flash vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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