while Who acts: something, Mary, Tom, she, he, I · What happens: mean, happen, show, be, while away, write · To what, where: difference, time, relaxed way, 12 apples, 8, 20 pages
«while» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 11 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: while in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 While means at the same time as something else happens.
mark case det amod obl mark nsubj advmod advcl punct root While SCONJ means VERB at ADP the DET same ADJ time NOUN as SCONJ something PRON else ADV happens VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 While while SCONJ _ 2 means mark 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 at at ADP _ 6 time case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 time det 5 same same ADJ Degree=Pos 6 time amod 6 time time NOUN Number=Sing 2 means obl 7 as as SCONJ _ 10 happens mark 8 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 10 happens nsubj 9 else else ADV _ 8 something advmod 10 happens happen VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 time advcl 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present time vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent 2 happen present something vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 While can mean but, or although, to show a difference.
mark aux cc punct cc mark punct mark conj det obj punct root While SCONJ can AUX mean VERB but CCONJ , PUNCT or CCONJ although SCONJ , PUNCT to PART show VERB a DET difference NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 While while SCONJ _ 3 mean mark 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 mean aux 3 mean mean VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 but but CCONJ _ 10 show cc 5 , , PUNCT _ 10 show punct 6 or or CCONJ _ 10 show cc 7 although although SCONJ _ 10 show mark 8 , , PUNCT _ 10 show punct 9 to to PART _ 10 show mark 10 show show VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 mean conj 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 difference det 12 difference difference NOUN Number=Sing 10 show obj 13 . . PUNCT _ 3 mean punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean can vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent 2 show to-infinitive a difference vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent difference=Recipient
Meaning 3 «A while» is some time, often not long.
punct det mark punct cop det punct advmod advmod advmod punct root « PUNCT A DET while NOUN » PUNCT is AUX some DET time NOUN , PUNCT often ADV not PART long ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 3 while punct 2 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 while det 3 while while NOUN Number=Sing 7 time mark 4 » » PUNCT _ 3 while punct 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 time cop 6 some some DET PronType=Ind 7 time det 7 time time NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 , , PUNCT _ 11 long punct 9 often often ADV _ 11 long advmod 10 not not PART Polarity=Neg 11 long advmod 11 long long ADV Degree=Pos 7 time advmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 7 time punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present some time long property tree rules
Meaning 4 To while away time is to pass it in a relaxed way.
mark advcl advmod obl:unmarked cop mark obj case det amod obl punct root To PART while VERB away ADV time NOUN is AUX to PART pass VERB it PRON in ADP a DET relaxed ADJ way NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 while mark 2 while while VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 pass advcl 3 away away ADV _ 2 while advmod 4 time time NOUN Number=Sing 2 while obl:unmarked 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 pass cop 6 to to PART _ 7 pass mark 7 pass pass VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 8 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 pass obj 9 in in ADP _ 12 way case 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 way det 11 relaxed relaxed ADJ Degree=Pos 12 way amod 12 way way NOUN Number=Sing 7 pass obl 13 . . PUNCT _ 7 pass punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 while away to-infinitive time away property tree rules 2 is present a relaxed way pass property tree rules
Meaning 5 Worth while (written as two words) means worth the time or effort.
The tree, 12 words mark fixed punct nsubj case nummod obl punct xcomp det obl:unmarked cc conj punct root Worth ADJ while SCONJ ( PUNCT written VERB as ADP two NUM words NOUN ) PUNCT means VERB worth ADJ the DET time NOUN or CCONJ effort NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Worth worth ADJ Degree=Pos 9 means mark 2 while while SCONJ _ 1 Worth fixed 3 ( ( PUNCT _ 4 written punct 4 written write VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 9 means nsubj 5 as as ADP _ 7 words case 6 two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 7 words nummod 7 words word NOUN Number=Plur 4 written obl 8 ) ) PUNCT _ 4 written punct 9 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 10 worth worth ADJ Degree=Pos 9 means xcomp 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 time det 12 time time NOUN Number=Sing 10 worth obl:unmarked 13 or or CCONJ _ 14 effort cc 14 effort effort NOUN Number=Sing 12 time conj 15 . . PUNCT _ 9 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 write participle as two words vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent as word=Attribute 2 mean present worth property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
Example 1 Mary has 12 apples while Tom has 8.
nsubj nummod obj mark nsubj advcl obj punct root Mary PROPN has VERB 12 NUM apples NOUN while SCONJ Tom PROPN has VERB 8 NUM . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Mary Mary PROPN Number=Sing 2 has nsubj 2 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 12 12 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 apples nummod 4 apples apple NOUN Number=Plur 2 has obj 5 while while SCONJ _ 7 has mark 6 Tom Tom PROPN Number=Sing 7 has nsubj 7 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 has advcl 8 8 8 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 7 has obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present Mary 12 apples vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent apple=Patient 2 have present Tom 8 vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 8=Patient
Example 2 While she read 20 pages, he read 15.
mark nsubj advcl nummod obj punct nsubj obj punct root While SCONJ she PRON read VERB 20 NUM pages NOUN , PUNCT he PRON read VERB 15 NUM . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 While while SCONJ _ 3 read mark 2 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 read nsubj 3 read read VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 8 read advcl 4 20 20 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 pages nummod 5 pages page NOUN Number=Plur 3 read obj 6 , , PUNCT _ 3 read punct 7 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 read nsubj 8 read read VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 9 15 15 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 8 read obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 8 read punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 read past she 20 pages vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent page=Topic 2 read past he 15 vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 15=Topic
Example 3 How many more does Mary have?
advmod obj conj aux nsubj punct root How ADV many ADJ more ADJ does AUX Mary PROPN have VERB ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 How how ADV PronType=Int 2 many advmod 2 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 6 have obj 3 more more ADJ Degree=Cmp 2 many conj 4 does do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 have aux 5 Mary Mary PROPN Number=Sing 6 have nsubj 6 have have VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 7 ? ? PUNCT _ 6 have punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present · do-support Mary many vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent many=Patient
Example 4 She waited a while.
nsubj det obj punct root She PRON waited VERB a DET while NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 waited nsubj 2 waited wait VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 while det 4 while while NOUN Number=Sing 2 waited obj 5 . . PUNCT _ 2 waited punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 wait past She while vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 5 I listened to music while I cleaned my room.
nsubj case obl mark nsubj advcl nmod:poss obj punct root I PRON listened VERB to ADP music NOUN while SCONJ I PRON cleaned VERB my PRON room NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 listened nsubj 2 listened listen VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 to to ADP _ 4 music case 4 music music NOUN Number=Sing 2 listened obl 5 while while SCONJ _ 7 cleaned mark 6 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 7 cleaned nsubj 7 cleaned clean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 listened advcl 8 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 room nmod:poss 9 room room NOUN Number=Sing 7 cleaned obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 listened punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 listen past I to music vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to music=Theme 2 clean past I my room vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent room=Patient
Example 6 Don't use your phone while you cross the road.
aux advmod nmod:poss obj mark nsubj advcl det obj punct root Do AUX n't PART use VERB your PRON phone NOUN while SCONJ you PRON cross VERB the DET road NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Do do AUX Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 3 use aux 2 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 3 use advmod 3 use use VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 4 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 phone nmod:poss 5 phone phone NOUN Number=Sing 3 use obj 6 while while SCONJ _ 8 cross mark 7 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 8 cross nsubj 8 cross cross VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 use advcl 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 road det 10 road road NOUN Number=Sing 8 cross obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 use punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not use imperative · do-support you not said here your phone vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent phone=Patient 2 cross present you the road vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent road=Patient
Example 7 See you in a while!
obj case det obl punct root See VERB you PRON in ADP a DET while NOUN ! PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 See see VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 1 See obj 3 in in ADP _ 5 while case 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 while det 5 while while NOUN Number=Sing 1 See obl 6 ! ! PUNCT _ 1 See punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 see imperative you not said here you while vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer you=Stimulus
Example 8 Once in a while we eat out.
advmod case det obl nsubj compound:prt punct root Once ADV in ADP a DET while NOUN we PRON eat VERB out ADP . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Once once ADV NumForm=Word NumType=Mult 6 eat advmod 2 in in ADP _ 4 while case 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 while det 4 while while NOUN Number=Sing 6 eat obl 5 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 6 eat nsubj 6 eat eat VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 out out ADP _ 6 eat compound:prt 8 . . PUNCT _ 6 eat punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 eat out present we while once property vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 9 Some birds fly south, while others stay.
det nsubj advmod punct mark nsubj conj punct root Some DET birds NOUN fly VERB south ADV , PUNCT while SCONJ others NOUN stay VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Some some DET PronType=Ind 2 birds det 2 birds bird NOUN Number=Plur 3 fly nsubj 3 fly fly VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 south south ADV _ 3 fly advmod 5 , , PUNCT _ 8 stay punct 6 while while SCONJ _ 8 stay mark 7 others other NOUN Number=Plur 8 stay nsubj 8 stay stay VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 fly conj 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 fly punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fly present some birds south property vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 stay present others vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 10 The rain stopped for a while.
det nsubj case det obl punct root The DET rain NOUN stopped VERB for ADP a DET while NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 rain det 2 rain rain NOUN Number=Sing 3 stopped nsubj 3 stopped stop VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 for for ADP _ 6 while case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 while det 6 while while NOUN Number=Sing 3 stopped obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 stopped punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stop past the rain while vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
Example 11 It is quite worth while trying.’
nsubj cop advmod mark advcl punct punct root It PRON is AUX quite ADV worth ADJ while SCONJ trying VERB . PUNCT ’ PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 worth nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 worth cop 3 quite quite ADV _ 4 worth advmod 4 worth worth ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 while while SCONJ _ 6 trying mark 6 trying try VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 4 worth advcl 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 worth punct 8 ’ ' PUNCT _ 4 worth punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present It worth property tree rules 2 try gerund vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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