whiten Who acts: face, knuckles, he, Frost, Bleach, sky · What happens: whiten, be, mean, hear, hold, touch · To what, where: something, toothpaste, teeth, noise, rope, grass · Speech: someone speaks here
«whiten» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: whiten in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To whiten something is to make it whiter or paler.
mark csubj obj cop mark obj xcomp cc conj punct root To PART whiten VERB something PRON is AUX to PART make VERB it PRON whiter ADJ or CCONJ paler ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 whiten mark 2 whiten whiten VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 make csubj 3 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 whiten obj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 make cop 5 to to PART _ 6 make mark 6 make make VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 7 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 make obj 8 whiter white ADJ Degree=Cmp 6 make xcomp 9 or or CCONJ _ 10 paler cc 10 paler pale ADJ Degree=Cmp 8 whiter conj 11 . . PUNCT _ 6 make punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 whiten to-infinitive something vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent something=Patient 2 is present make, white property tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To whiten is to become white or pale, for example from fear or cold.
The tree, 14 words mark csubj cop mark xcomp cc conj punct case obl case nmod cc conj punct root To PART whiten VERB is AUX to PART become VERB white ADJ or CCONJ pale ADJ , PUNCT for ADP example NOUN from ADP fear NOUN or CCONJ cold NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 whiten mark 2 whiten whiten VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 become csubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 become cop 4 to to PART _ 5 become mark 5 become become VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 white white ADJ Degree=Pos 5 become xcomp 7 or or CCONJ _ 8 pale cc 8 pale pale ADJ Degree=Pos 6 white conj 9 , , PUNCT _ 11 example punct 10 for for ADP _ 11 example case 11 example example NOUN Number=Sing 5 become obl 12 from from ADP _ 13 fear case 13 fear fear NOUN Number=Sing 11 example nmod 14 or or CCONJ _ 15 cold cc 15 cold cold NOUN Number=Sing 13 fear conj 16 . . PUNCT _ 5 become punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 whiten to-infinitive vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient 2 is present for example from fear or cold; become, white property tree rules
Example 1 This toothpaste is meant to whiten teeth.
det nsubj:pass aux:pass mark xcomp obj punct root This DET toothpaste NOUN is AUX meant VERB to PART whiten VERB teeth NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 This this DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 2 toothpaste det 2 toothpaste toothpaste NOUN Number=Sing 4 meant nsubj:pass 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 meant aux:pass 4 meant mean VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 to to PART _ 6 whiten mark 6 whiten whiten VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 meant xcomp 7 teeth tooth NOUN Number=Plur 6 whiten obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 meant punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present · passive this toothpaste tree rules 2 whiten not said to happen to-infinitive teeth vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent tooth=Patient
Example 2 Her face whitened when she heard the noise.
nmod:poss nsubj advmod nsubj advcl det obj punct root Her PRON face NOUN whitened VERB when ADV she PRON heard VERB the DET noise NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 face nmod:poss 2 face face NOUN Number=Sing 3 whitened nsubj 3 whitened whiten VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 when when ADV PronType=Int 6 heard advmod 5 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 heard nsubj 6 heard hear VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 whitened advcl 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 noise det 8 noise noise NOUN Number=Sing 6 heard obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 whitened punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 whiten past Her face vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient 2 hear past face the noise vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer noise=Stimulus
Example 3 His knuckles whitened as he held the rope.
nmod:poss nsubj mark nsubj advcl det obj punct root His PRON knuckles NOUN whitened VERB as SCONJ he PRON held VERB the DET rope NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 His his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 knuckles nmod:poss 2 knuckles knuckle NOUN Number=Plur 3 whitened nsubj 3 whitened whiten VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part root root 4 as as SCONJ _ 6 held mark 5 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 held nsubj 6 held hold VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 whitened advcl 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 rope det 8 rope rope NOUN Number=Sing 6 held obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 whitened punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 whiten participle His knuckles vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient 2 hold past he the rope vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rope=Theme
Example 4 Frost whitened the grass.
nsubj det obj punct root Frost NOUN whitened VERB the DET grass NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Frost frost NOUN Number=Sing 2 whitened nsubj 2 whitened whiten VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 grass det 4 grass grass NOUN Number=Sing 2 whitened obj 5 . . PUNCT _ 2 whitened punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 whiten past Frost the grass vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent grass=Patient
Example 5 Bleach can whiten towels but is dangerous to touch.
nsubj aux obj cc cop conj mark xcomp punct root Bleach NOUN can AUX whiten VERB towels NOUN but CCONJ is AUX dangerous ADJ to PART touch VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Bleach bleach NOUN Number=Sing 3 whiten nsubj 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 whiten aux 3 whiten whiten VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 towels towel NOUN Number=Plur 3 whiten obj 5 but but CCONJ _ 7 dangerous cc 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 dangerous cop 7 dangerous dangerous ADJ Degree=Pos 3 whiten conj 8 to to PART _ 9 touch mark 9 touch touch VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 dangerous xcomp 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 whiten punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 whiten can Bleach towels vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent towel=Patient 2 is present Bleach not said here dangerous property tree rules 3 touch to-infinitive Bleach not said here vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 6 The sky whitened before the snow came.
det nsubj acl case det obl punct root The DET sky NOUN whitened VERB before ADP the DET snow NOUN came VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 sky det 2 sky sky NOUN Number=Sing 7 came nsubj 3 whitened whiten VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 sky acl 4 before before ADP _ 6 snow case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 snow det 6 snow snow NOUN Number=Sing 3 whitened obl 7 came come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 8 . . PUNCT _ 7 came punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 whiten participle the sky not said here before the snow vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient 2 come past the sky vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 7 Then every one saw the whitened skull, and they knew the dead man in the bed was a murderer.
The tree, 19 words advmod det nsubj det amod obj punct cc nsubj conj det amod nsubj case det nmod cop det ccomp punct root Then ADV every DET one NOUN saw VERB the DET whitened VERB skull NOUN , PUNCT and CCONJ they PRON knew VERB the DET dead ADJ man NOUN in ADP the DET bed NOUN was AUX a DET murderer NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Then then ADV PronType=Dem 4 saw advmod 2 every every DET PronType=Tot 3 one det 3 one one NOUN Number=Sing 4 saw nsubj 4 saw see VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 skull det 6 whitened whiten VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 7 skull amod 7 skull skull NOUN Number=Sing 4 saw obj 8 , , PUNCT _ 11 knew punct 9 and and CCONJ _ 11 knew cc 10 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 knew nsubj 11 knew know VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 saw conj 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 man det 13 dead dead ADJ Degree=Pos 14 man amod 14 man man NOUN Number=Sing 20 murderer nsubj 15 in in ADP _ 17 bed case 16 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 17 bed det 17 bed bed NOUN Number=Sing 14 man nmod 18 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 20 murderer cop 19 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 20 murderer det 20 murderer murderer NOUN Number=Sing 11 knew ccomp 21 . . PUNCT _ 4 saw punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 see past every one the whitened skull then vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer skull=Stimulus 2 whiten participle vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient 3 know past they vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer 4 is a past the dead man in the bed a murderer tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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