wilful Who acts: wilful person, they, wilful little goat, She, wilful child, Breaking · What happens: be, do, want, not tell, not come down, break · To what, where: wilful action, purpose, wall, wilful child, own way, window · Speech: someone speaks here
«wilful» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: wilful in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A wilful person is stubborn and determined to do what they want, even when told not to.
The tree, 17 words det amod nsubj cop cc conj mark xcomp obj nsubj acl:relcl punct advmod advmod parataxis advmod fixed punct root A DET wilful ADJ person NOUN is AUX stubborn ADJ and CCONJ determined ADJ to PART do VERB what PRON they PRON want VERB , PUNCT even ADV when ADV told VERB not PART to PART . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 person det 2 wilful wilful ADJ Degree=Pos 3 person amod 3 person person NOUN Number=Sing 5 stubborn nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 stubborn cop 5 stubborn stubborn ADJ Degree=Pos root root 6 and and CCONJ _ 7 determined cc 7 determined determined ADJ Degree=Pos 5 stubborn conj 8 to to PART _ 9 do mark 9 do do VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 determined xcomp 10 what what PRON PronType=Int 9 do obj 11 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 12 want nsubj 12 want want VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 what acl:relcl 13 , , PUNCT _ 16 told punct 14 even even ADV _ 16 told advmod 15 when when ADV PronType=Int 16 told advmod 16 told tell VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 stubborn parataxis 17 not not PART Polarity=Neg 16 told advmod 18 to to PART _ 17 not fixed 19 . . PUNCT _ 5 stubborn punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present a wilful person stubborn property tree rules 2 be a wilful person not said here tree rules 3 do to-infinitive a wilful person not said here vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Eventuality 4 want present they vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot 5 not tell speech: assert participle vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: formal, legal — kept apart, not parsed.
A wilful action is done on purpose, deliberately, especially something bad: wilful damage.
The tree, 13 words det amod nsubj:pass aux:pass case obl punct advmod punct advmod parataxis amod punct amod conj punct root A DET wilful ADJ action NOUN is AUX done VERB on ADP purpose NOUN , PUNCT deliberately ADV , PUNCT especially ADV something PRON bad ADJ : PUNCT wilful ADJ damage NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 action det 2 wilful wilful ADJ Degree=Pos 3 action amod 3 action action NOUN Number=Sing 5 done nsubj:pass 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 done aux:pass 5 done do VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 6 on on ADP _ 7 purpose case 7 purpose purpose NOUN Number=Sing 5 done obl 8 , , PUNCT _ 9 deliberately punct 9 deliberately deliberately ADV _ 5 done advmod 10 , , PUNCT _ 12 something punct 11 especially especially ADV _ 12 something advmod 12 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 5 done parataxis 13 bad bad ADJ Degree=Pos 12 something amod 14 : : PUNCT _ 16 damage punct 15 wilful wilful ADJ Degree=Pos 16 damage amod 16 damage damage NOUN Number=Sing 12 something conj 17 . . PUNCT _ 5 done punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 do present · passive a wilful action purpose deliberately property vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality
Example 1 The wilful little goat would not come down from the wall.
det amod amod nsubj aux advmod advmod case det obl punct root The DET wilful ADJ little ADJ goat NOUN would AUX not PART come VERB down ADV from ADP the DET wall NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 goat det 2 wilful wilful ADJ Degree=Pos 4 goat amod 3 little little ADJ Degree=Pos 4 goat amod 4 goat goat NOUN Number=Sing 7 come nsubj 5 would would AUX VerbForm=Fin 7 come aux 6 not not PART Polarity=Neg 7 come advmod 7 come come VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 8 down down ADV _ 7 come advmod 9 from from ADP _ 11 wall case 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 wall det 11 wall wall NOUN Number=Sing 7 come obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 7 come punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not come down would the wilful little goat the wall down property vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from wall=Initial_Location
Example 2 She was a wilful child who always wanted her own way.
nsubj cop det amod nsubj advmod acl:relcl nmod:poss amod obj punct root She PRON was AUX a DET wilful ADJ child NOUN who PRON always ADV wanted VERB her PRON own ADJ way NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 child nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 child cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 child det 4 wilful wilful ADJ Degree=Pos 5 child amod 5 child child NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 who who PRON PronType=Rel 8 wanted nsubj 7 always always ADV PronType=Tot 8 wanted advmod 8 wanted want VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 child acl:relcl 9 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 11 way nmod:poss 10 own own ADJ Degree=Pos 11 way amod 11 way way NOUN Number=Sing 8 wanted obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 5 child punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past She a wilful child tree rules 2 want past a wilful child child's own way always property vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot way=Theme
Example 3 Breaking the window was wilful damage, not an accident.
csubj det obj cop amod punct advmod det conj punct root Breaking VERB the DET window NOUN was AUX wilful ADJ damage NOUN , PUNCT not PART an DET accident NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Breaking break VERB VerbForm=Ger 6 damage csubj 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 window det 3 window window NOUN Number=Sing 1 Breaking obj 4 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 damage cop 5 wilful wilful ADJ Degree=Pos 6 damage amod 6 damage damage NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 , , PUNCT _ 10 accident punct 8 not not PART Polarity=Neg 10 accident advmod 9 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 accident det 10 accident accident NOUN Number=Sing 6 damage conj 11 . . PUNCT _ 6 damage punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 break gerund the window vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer window=Patient 2 is a past Breaking wilful damage and a accident tree rules
Example 4 He wilfully ignored the warning signs.
nsubj advmod det compound obj punct root He PRON wilfully ADV ignored VERB the DET warning NOUN signs NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 ignored nsubj 2 wilfully wilfully ADV _ 3 ignored advmod 3 ignored ignore VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 signs det 5 warning warning NOUN Number=Sing 6 signs compound 6 signs sign NOUN Number=Plur 3 ignored obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 ignored punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 ignore past He the warning signs wilfully property vn neglect-75.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sign=Theme
Example 5 The wilful puppy pulled on its lead.
det amod acl case nmod:poss obl punct root The DET wilful ADJ puppy NOUN pulled VERB on ADP its PRON lead NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 puppy det 2 wilful wilful ADJ Degree=Pos 3 puppy amod 3 puppy puppy NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 pulled pull VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 puppy acl 5 on on ADP _ 7 lead case 6 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 lead nmod:poss 7 lead lead NOUN Number=Sing 4 pulled obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 puppy punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 pull participle the wilful puppy not said here on puppy's lead vn push-12-1 «NP V PP-Conative»: agent=Agent on lead=Theme
Example 6 The judge said the harm was wilful.
det nsubj det nsubj cop ccomp punct root The DET judge NOUN said VERB the DET harm NOUN was AUX wilful ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 judge det 2 judge judge NOUN Number=Sing 3 said nsubj 3 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 harm det 5 harm harm NOUN Number=Sing 7 wilful nsubj 6 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 wilful cop 7 wilful wilful ADJ Degree=Pos 3 said ccomp 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 said punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert past the judge vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 2 is past the harm wilful property tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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