withhold Who acts: you, shop, they, someone, detective, butler · What happens: keep back, refuse, not give, withhold, mean, not tell · To what, where: something, it, information, payment, pay, work · Speech: someone speaks here
«withhold» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: withhold in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To keep something back and refuse to give it: «withhold information» means not telling something you know.
The tree, 17 words mark nsubj obj advmod cc conj mark xcomp obj punct punct parataxis obj punct advmod xcomp obj nsubj acl:relcl punct root To PART keep VERB something PRON back ADV and CCONJ refuse VERB to PART give VERB it PRON : PUNCT « PUNCT withhold VERB information NOUN » PUNCT means VERB not PART telling VERB something PRON you PRON know VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 keep mark 2 keep keep VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 15 means nsubj 3 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 keep obj 4 back back ADV _ 2 keep advmod 5 and and CCONJ _ 6 refuse cc 6 refuse refuse VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 2 keep conj 7 to to PART _ 8 give mark 8 give give VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 refuse xcomp 9 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 give obj 10 : : PUNCT _ 12 withhold punct 11 « « PUNCT _ 12 withhold punct 12 withhold withhold VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 2 keep parataxis 13 information information NOUN Number=Sing 12 withhold obj 14 » » PUNCT _ 12 withhold punct 15 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 16 not not PART Polarity=Neg 17 telling advmod 17 telling tell VERB VerbForm=Ger 15 means xcomp 18 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 17 telling obj 19 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 20 know nsubj 20 know know VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 18 something acl:relcl 21 . . PUNCT _ 15 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 keep back to-infinitive something tree rules 2 refuse infinitive vn reject-77.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme 3 not give to-infinitive it vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme 4 withhold in a quote infinitive information tree rules 5 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 6 not tell speech: assert not said to happen gerund something vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent something=Recipient 7 know present you vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To hold back a payment or reward: «The shop withheld his pay until the work was finished.».
The tree, 17 words mark advmod det obj cc conj punct punct det nsubj acl:relcl nmod:poss obj mark det nsubj:pass aux:pass advcl punct punct punct root To PART hold VERB back ADV a DET payment NOUN or CCONJ reward NOUN : PUNCT « PUNCT The DET shop NOUN withheld VERB his PRON pay NOUN until SCONJ the DET work NOUN was AUX finished VERB . PUNCT » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 hold mark 2 hold hold VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 back back ADV _ 2 hold advmod 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 payment det 5 payment payment NOUN Number=Sing 2 hold obj 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 reward cc 7 reward reward NOUN Number=Sing 5 payment conj 8 : : PUNCT _ 12 withheld punct 9 « « PUNCT _ 12 withheld punct 10 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 shop det 11 shop shop NOUN Number=Sing 12 withheld nsubj 12 withheld withhold VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 payment acl:relcl 13 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 14 pay nmod:poss 14 pay pay NOUN Number=Sing 12 withheld obj 15 until until SCONJ _ 19 finished mark 16 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 17 work det 17 work work NOUN Number=Sing 19 finished nsubj:pass 18 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 19 finished aux:pass 19 finished finish VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 12 withheld advcl 20 . . PUNCT _ 2 hold punct 21 » » PUNCT _ 2 hold punct 22 . . PUNCT _ 2 hold punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hold back to-infinitive a payment or reward vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent payment=Theme 2 withhold in a quote past the shop shop's pay tree rules 3 finish in a quote past · passive the work vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: subject=Eventuality 4 pay in a quote shop nom pay «possession transitive»: poss=agent
Meaning 3 Usage: money — kept apart, not parsed.
To take part of someone's pay for tax before they get it.
mark obj case nmod:poss case nmod case obl mark nsubj advcl obj punct root To PART take VERB part NOUN of ADP someone PRON 's PART pay NOUN for ADP tax NOUN before SCONJ they PRON get VERB it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 take mark 2 take take VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 part part NOUN Number=Sing 2 take obj 4 of of ADP _ 7 pay case 5 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 7 pay nmod:poss 6 's 's PART _ 5 someone case 7 pay pay NOUN Number=Sing 3 part nmod 8 for for ADP _ 9 tax case 9 tax tax NOUN Number=Sing 2 take obl 10 before before SCONJ _ 12 get mark 11 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 12 get nsubj 12 get get VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 take advcl 13 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 12 get obj 14 . . PUNCT _ 2 take punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 take to-infinitive part of someone's pay for tax vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent part=Theme for tax=Beneficiary 2 get present they part vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus 3 pay someone nom pay «possession transitive»: poss=agent
Example 1 The detective thought the butler was withholding something.
det nsubj det nsubj aux ccomp obj punct root The DET detective NOUN thought VERB the DET butler NOUN was AUX withholding VERB something PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 detective det 2 detective detective NOUN Number=Sing 3 thought nsubj 3 thought think VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 butler det 5 butler butler NOUN Number=Sing 7 withholding nsubj 6 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 withholding aux 7 withholding withhold VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 3 thought ccomp 8 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 7 withholding obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 thought punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 think speech: other past the detective vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme 2 withhold past · progressive the butler something tree rules
Example 2 Please do not withhold information that could help find the lost dog.
discourse aux advmod obj nsubj aux acl:relcl xcomp det amod obj punct root Please INTJ do AUX not PART withhold VERB information NOUN that PRON could AUX help VERB find VERB the DET lost VERB dog NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Please please INTJ _ 4 withhold discourse 2 do do AUX Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 4 withhold aux 3 not not PART Polarity=Neg 4 withhold advmod 4 withhold withhold VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 5 information information NOUN Number=Sing 4 withhold obj 6 that that PRON PronType=Rel 8 help nsubj 7 could could AUX VerbForm=Fin 8 help aux 8 help help VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 information acl:relcl 9 find find VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 help xcomp 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 dog det 11 lost lose VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 12 dog amod 12 dog dog NOUN Number=Sing 9 find obj 13 . . PUNCT _ 4 withhold punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not withhold imperative · do-support you not said here information tree rules 2 help could information vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme 3 find infinitive information not said here the lost dog vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dog=Topic 4 lose participle vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 3 The phone screen said «number withheld».
det compound nsubj punct obj acl punct punct root The DET phone NOUN screen NOUN said VERB « PUNCT number NOUN withheld VERB » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 screen det 2 phone phone NOUN Number=Sing 3 screen compound 3 screen screen NOUN Number=Sing 4 said nsubj 4 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 « « PUNCT _ 6 number punct 6 number number NOUN Number=Sing 4 said obj 7 withheld withhold VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 number acl 8 » » PUNCT _ 6 number punct 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 said punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert past the phone screen number vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent number=Topic 2 withhold in a quote participle number not said here tree rules
Example 4 The teacher withheld the prize until everyone had tidied up.
det nsubj det obj mark nsubj aux advcl compound:prt punct root The DET teacher NOUN withheld VERB the DET prize NOUN until SCONJ everyone PRON had AUX tidied VERB up ADP . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 teacher det 2 teacher teacher NOUN Number=Sing 3 withheld nsubj 3 withheld withhold VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 prize det 5 prize prize NOUN Number=Sing 3 withheld obj 6 until until SCONJ _ 9 tidied mark 7 everyone everyone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Tot 9 tidied nsubj 8 had have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 9 tidied aux 9 tidied tidy VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part 3 withheld advcl 10 up up ADP _ 9 tidied compound:prt 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 withheld punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 withhold past the teacher the prize tree rules 2 tidy up past · perfect everyone tree rules
Example 5 The company withheld part of his wages for tax.
det nsubj obj case nmod:poss nmod case nmod punct root The DET company NOUN withheld VERB part NOUN of ADP his PRON wages NOUN for ADP tax NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 company det 2 company company NOUN Number=Sing 3 withheld nsubj 3 withheld withhold VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 part part NOUN Number=Sing 3 withheld obj 5 of of ADP _ 7 wages case 6 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 wages nmod:poss 7 wages wage NOUN Number=Plur 4 part nmod 8 for for ADP _ 9 tax case 9 tax tax NOUN Number=Sing 7 wages nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 withheld punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 withhold past the company part of company's wages for tax tree rules
Example 6 She withheld her smile until the judges had finished.
nsubj nmod:poss obj mark det nsubj aux advcl punct root She PRON withheld VERB her PRON smile NOUN until SCONJ the DET judges NOUN had AUX finished VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 withheld nsubj 2 withheld withhold VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 smile nmod:poss 4 smile smile NOUN Number=Sing 2 withheld obj 5 until until SCONJ _ 9 finished mark 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 judges det 7 judges judge NOUN Number=Plur 9 finished nsubj 8 had have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 9 finished aux 9 finished finish VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part 2 withheld advcl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 withheld punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 withhold past She her smile tree rules 2 finish past · perfect the judges vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality 3 smile her = she nom smile «communication transitive»: poss=agent
Example 7 If someone asks you to keep a secret that worries you, do not withhold it from a trusted adult.
The tree, 19 words mark nsubj obj mark xcomp det obj nsubj acl:relcl obj punct aux advmod conj obj case det amod obl punct root If SCONJ someone PRON asks VERB you PRON to PART keep VERB a DET secret NOUN that PRON worries VERB you PRON , PUNCT do AUX not PART withhold VERB it PRON from ADP a DET trusted VERB adult NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 If if SCONJ _ 3 asks mark 2 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 3 asks nsubj 3 asks ask VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 3 asks obj 5 to to PART _ 6 keep mark 6 keep keep VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 asks xcomp 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 secret det 8 secret secret NOUN Number=Sing 6 keep obj 9 that that PRON PronType=Rel 10 worries nsubj 10 worries worry VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 secret acl:relcl 11 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 10 worries obj 12 , , PUNCT _ 15 withhold punct 13 do do AUX Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 15 withhold aux 14 not not PART Polarity=Neg 15 withhold advmod 15 withhold withhold VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 keep conj 16 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 15 withhold obj 17 from from ADP _ 20 adult case 18 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 20 adult det 19 trusted trust VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 20 adult amod 20 adult adult NOUN Number=Sing 15 withhold obl 21 . . PUNCT _ 3 asks punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 ask speech: ask present someone you vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP whether S_INF»: agent=Agent you=Recipient clause=Topic 2 keep not said to happen to-infinitive someone not said here a secret vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent secret=Theme 3 worry present a secret you vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus you=Experiencer 4 not withhold infinitive · do-support someone not said here secret from a trusted adult tree rules 5 trust participle vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
Example 8 “Lady,” he pleaded, “you will surely not withhold information from the Ard-Ri’?”
The tree, 13 words punct nsubj punct punct nsubj punct punct nsubj aux advmod advmod conj obj case det compound punct obl punct punct punct root “ PUNCT Lady PROPN , PUNCT ” PUNCT he PRON pleaded VERB , PUNCT “ PUNCT you PRON will AUX surely ADV not PART withhold VERB information NOUN from ADP the DET Ard PROPN - PUNCT Ri PROPN ’ PUNCT ? PUNCT ” PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 “ " PUNCT _ 6 pleaded punct 2 Lady Lady PROPN Number=Sing 6 pleaded nsubj 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 Lady punct 4 ” " PUNCT _ 2 Lady punct 5 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 pleaded nsubj 6 pleaded plead VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 7 , , PUNCT _ 13 withhold punct 8 “ " PUNCT _ 13 withhold punct 9 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 13 withhold nsubj 10 will will AUX VerbForm=Fin 13 withhold aux 11 surely surely ADV _ 13 withhold advmod 12 not not PART Polarity=Neg 13 withhold advmod 13 withhold withhold VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 pleaded conj 14 information information NOUN Number=Sing 13 withhold obj 15 from from ADP _ 19 Ri case 16 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 19 Ri det 17 Ard Ard PROPN Number=Sing 19 Ri compound 18 - - PUNCT _ 17 Ard punct 19 Ri Ri PROPN Number=Sing 13 withhold obl 20 ’ ' PUNCT _ 6 pleaded punct 21 ? ? PUNCT _ 6 pleaded punct 22 ” " PUNCT _ 6 pleaded punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 plead speech: request past Lady tree rules 2 not withhold in a quote future you information the Ard Ri surely property tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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