yak Who acts: yak, large haired wild ox, Yaks, long hair, yak herders, you · What happens: be, live, yak, mean, chat, talk · To what, where: large haired wild ox, high cold mountains, unimportant things, heavy loads, yak, tents · Speech: someone speaks here
«yak» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: yak in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A yak is a large, long-haired wild or farm ox that lives in the high, cold mountains of Tibet, the Himalayas and Central Asia.
The tree, 25 words det nsubj cop det amod punct amod punct amod amod cc conj nsubj acl:relcl case det amod punct amod obl case nmod punct det conj cc flat conj punct root A DET yak NOUN is AUX a DET large ADJ , PUNCT long ADJ - PUNCT haired ADJ wild ADJ or CCONJ farm ADJ ox NOUN that PRON lives VERB in ADP the DET high ADJ , PUNCT cold ADJ mountains NOUN of ADP Tibet PROPN , PUNCT the DET Himalayas PROPN and CCONJ Central PROPN Asia PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 yak det 2 yak yak NOUN Number=Sing 13 ox nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 13 ox cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 ox det 5 large large ADJ Degree=Pos 13 ox amod 6 , , PUNCT _ 5 large punct 7 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 9 haired amod 8 - - PUNCT _ 7 long punct 9 haired haired ADJ Degree=Pos 13 ox amod 10 wild wild ADJ Degree=Pos 13 ox amod 11 or or CCONJ _ 12 farm cc 12 farm farm ADJ Degree=Pos 10 wild conj 13 ox ox NOUN Number=Sing root root 14 that that PRON PronType=Rel 15 lives nsubj 15 lives live VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 13 ox acl:relcl 16 in in ADP _ 21 mountains case 17 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 21 mountains det 18 high high ADJ Degree=Pos 21 mountains amod 19 , , PUNCT _ 18 high punct 20 cold cold ADJ Degree=Pos 21 mountains amod 21 mountains mountain NOUN Number=Plur 15 lives obl 22 of of ADP _ 23 Tibet case 23 Tibet Tibet PROPN Number=Sing 21 mountains nmod 24 , , PUNCT _ 26 Himalayas punct 25 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 26 Himalayas det 26 Himalayas Himalaya PROPN Number=Plur 23 Tibet conj 27 and and CCONJ _ 29 Asia cc 28 Central Central PROPN Number=Sing 29 Asia flat 29 Asia Asia PROPN Number=Sing 23 Tibet conj 30 . . PUNCT _ 13 ox punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a yak a large haired wild ox tree rules 2 live present a large haired wild ox the high cold mountains of Tibet and the Himalayas and Central Asia vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in mountain=Location
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.
To yak means to chat or talk on and on about unimportant things.
mark csubj mark xcomp cc conj case cc case advmod amod obl punct root To PART yak VERB means VERB to PART chat VERB or CCONJ talk VERB on ADP and CCONJ on ADP about ADV unimportant ADJ things NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 yak mark 2 yak yak VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 means csubj 3 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 to to PART _ 5 chat mark 5 chat chat VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 means xcomp 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 talk cc 7 talk talk VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 chat conj 8 on on ADP _ 13 things case 9 and and CCONJ _ 13 things cc 10 on on ADP _ 13 things case 11 about about ADV _ 12 unimportant advmod 12 unimportant unimportant ADJ Degree=Pos 13 things amod 13 things thing NOUN Number=Plur 7 talk obl 14 . . PUNCT _ 3 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 yak speech: other to-infinitive vn chit_chat-37.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 chat speech: other not said to happen to-infinitive vn chit_chat-37.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent 4 talk infinitive unimportant things vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 1 Yaks carry heavy loads up the mountain paths.
nsubj amod obj case det compound obl punct root Yaks NOUN carry VERB heavy ADJ loads NOUN up ADP the DET mountain NOUN paths NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Yaks yak NOUN Number=Plur 2 carry nsubj 2 carry carry VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 heavy heavy ADJ Degree=Pos 4 loads amod 4 loads load NOUN Number=Plur 2 carry obj 5 up up ADP _ 8 paths case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 paths det 7 mountain mountain NOUN Number=Sing 8 paths compound 8 paths path NOUN Number=Plur 2 carry obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 carry punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 carry present Yaks heavy loads up the mountain paths vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent load=Theme
Example 2 A yak's long hair keeps it warm in the snow.
det nmod:poss case amod nsubj obj xcomp case det obl punct root A DET yak NOUN 's PART long ADJ hair NOUN keeps VERB it PRON warm ADJ in ADP the DET snow NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 yak det 2 yak yak NOUN Number=Sing 5 hair nmod:poss 3 's 's PART _ 2 yak case 4 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 5 hair amod 5 hair hair NOUN Number=Sing 6 keeps nsubj 6 keeps keep VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 keeps obj 8 warm warm ADJ Degree=Pos 6 keeps xcomp 9 in in ADP _ 11 snow case 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 snow det 11 snow snow NOUN Number=Sing 8 warm obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 6 keeps punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 keep present a yak's long hair yak warm property vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme
Example 3 People in Tibet drink yak butter tea.
nsubj case nmod compound compound compound punct root People NOUN in ADP Tibet PROPN drink NOUN yak NOUN butter NOUN tea NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 People people NOUN Number=Plur 7 tea nsubj 2 in in ADP _ 3 Tibet case 3 Tibet Tibet PROPN Number=Sing 1 People nmod 4 drink drink NOUN Number=Sing 5 yak compound 5 yak yak NOUN Number=Sing 7 tea compound 6 butter butter NOUN Number=Sing 7 tea compound 7 tea tea NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 . . PUNCT _ 7 tea punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 4 The yak herders lived in tents high in the mountains.
det compound nsubj case obl amod case det obl punct root The DET yak NOUN herders NOUN lived VERB in ADP tents NOUN high ADJ in ADP the DET mountains NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 herders det 2 yak yak NOUN Number=Sing 3 herders compound 3 herders herder NOUN Number=Plur 4 lived nsubj 4 lived live VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 in in ADP _ 6 tents case 6 tents tent NOUN Number=Plur 4 lived obl 7 high high ADJ Degree=Pos 6 tents amod 8 in in ADP _ 10 mountains case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 mountains det 10 mountains mountain NOUN Number=Plur 7 high obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 4 lived punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 live past the yak herders tents vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in tent=Location
Example 5 Stop yakking and finish your work!
xcomp cc conj nmod:poss obj punct root Stop VERB yakking VERB and CCONJ finish VERB your PRON work NOUN ! PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Stop stop VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 yakking yak VERB VerbForm=Ger 1 Stop xcomp 3 and and CCONJ _ 4 finish cc 4 finish finish VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 1 Stop conj 5 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 work nmod:poss 6 work work NOUN Number=Sing 4 finish obj 7 ! ! PUNCT _ 1 Stop punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stop imperative you not said here vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality 2 yak speech: other gerund you not said here vn chit_chat-37.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 finish infinitive you not said here your work vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality work=Eventuality 4 work your nom work «act intransitive»: poss=agent
Example 6 The two friends yakked on the phone for an hour.
det nummod acl case det obl case det obl punct root The DET two NUM friends NOUN yakked VERB on ADP the DET phone NOUN for ADP an DET hour NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 friends det 2 two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 3 friends nummod 3 friends friend NOUN Number=Plur root root 4 yakked yak VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 friends acl 5 on on ADP _ 7 phone case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 phone det 7 phone phone NOUN Number=Sing 4 yakked obl 8 for for ADP _ 10 hour case 9 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 hour det 10 hour hour NOUN Number=Sing 4 yakked obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 friends punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 yak speech: other participle the two friends not said here the phone hour vn chit_chat-37.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 7 Dried yak dung is burned for heat.
amod compound nsubj:pass aux:pass case obl punct root Dried VERB yak NOUN dung NOUN is AUX burned VERB for ADP heat NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Dried dry VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 dung amod 2 yak yak NOUN Number=Sing 3 dung compound 3 dung dung NOUN Number=Sing 5 burned nsubj:pass 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 burned aux:pass 5 burned burn VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 6 for for ADP _ 7 heat case 7 heat heat NOUN Number=Sing 5 burned obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 burned punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 dry participle vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient 2 burn present · passive Dried yak dung for heat vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: subject=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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