Ecclesiastes 1:18 קֹהֶלֶת
Who acts: God · What happens: be, increase · To what, where: much vexation, much wisdom, knowledge, sorrow
This is Ecclesiastes 1:18 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — God — and what happens in the verse to much vexation, much wisdom, knowledge, sorrow, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 12 chapters of Ecclesiastes on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.
כִּ֛י בְּרֹ֥ב חָכְמָ֖ה רָב־כָּ֑עַס וְיוֹסִ֥יף דַּ֖עַת יוֹסִ֥יף מַכְאֽוֹב׃
For in much wisdom is much vexation; and he that increaseth knowledge increaseth sorrow.
The tree
Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation | gloss |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | כִּ֛י | כִּי | SCONJ | _ | 3 רֹ֥ב | mark | (dm) |
| 2 | בְּ | בְּ | ADP | _ | 3 רֹ֥ב | case | [is] in |
| 3 | רֹ֥ב | רֹב | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root | abundance |
| 4 | חָכְמָ֖ה | חׇכְמָה | NOUN | Gender=Fem Number=Sing | 3 רֹ֥ב | compound:smixut | of wisdom |
| 5 | רָב־ | רַב | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 3 רֹ֥ב | nsubj | abundance |
| 6 | כָּ֑עַס | כַּעַס | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 5 רָב־ | compound:smixut | of frustration |
| 7 | וְ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 10 יוֹסִ֥יף | cc | and |
| 8 | יוֹסִ֥יף | יָסַף | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=3 | 10 יוֹסִ֥יף | nsubj | someone will increase |
| 9 | דַּ֖עַת | דַּעַת | NOUN | Gender=Fem Number=Sing | 8 יוֹסִ֥יף | obj | knowledge |
| 10 | יוֹסִ֥יף | יָסַף | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=3 | 3 רֹ֥ב | conj | he will increase |
| 11 | מַכְאֽוֹב | מַכְאוֹב | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 10 יוֹסִ֥יף | obj | pain |
| 12 | ׃ | ׃ | PUNCT | _ | 11 מַכְאֽוֹב | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- character
- speech
- inside a quote begun earlier
- negation
- no
| verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| יוֹסִיף someone will increase | yiqtol · hiphil | דַּעַת knowledge | |||
| יוֹסִיף he will increase | yiqtol · hiphil | מַכְאֽוֹב pain | יוֹסִיף someone will increase |
MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.
The Targum
אֲרוּם גְּבַר דְּמַסְגֵּי חָכְמְתָא כַּד יֵיחוֹב וְלָא יִיתַב בִּתְיוּבְתָּא מַסְגֵּי רְגִיז קֳדָם יְיָ וּדְמוֹסִיף מַנְדְּעָא וִימוּת בְּטַלְיוּתֵיהּ מוֹסִיף כְּאֵיב לִבָּא לְקָרִיבוֹי:
The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.
English, JPS 1917
Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.
Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.
English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).
Hebrew sentence wlc:ECC:17.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC.1.18/