Ecclesiastes 2:13 קֹהֶלֶת

Who acts: I, wisdom, light · What happens: see, excel · To what, where: folly, darkness · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is Ecclesiastes 2:13 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I, wisdom, light — and what happens in the verse to folly, darkness, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 12 chapters of Ecclesiastes on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וְרָאִ֣יתִי אָ֔נִי שֶׁיֵּ֥שׁ יִתְר֛וֹן לַֽחָכְמָ֖ה מִן־הַסִּכְל֑וּת כִּֽיתְר֥וֹן הָא֖וֹר מִן־הַחֹֽשֶׁךְ׃

Then I saw that wisdom excelleth folly, as far as light excelleth darkness.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 רָאִ֣יתִי	cc	and
2	רָאִ֣יתִי	רָאָה	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=1	root	root	I saw
3	אָ֔נִי	אֲנִי	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	2 רָאִ֣יתִי	nsubj	I
4	שֶׁ	שֶׁ	SCONJ	_	5 יֵּ֥שׁ	mark	(cmp) there
5	יֵּ֥שׁ	יֵשׁ	ADV	_	2 רָאִ֣יתִי	acl:relcl	[is]
6	יִתְר֛וֹן	יִתְרוֹן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	5 יֵּ֥שׁ	nsubj	advantage
7	לַֽ	לְ	ADP	_	9 חָכְמָ֖ה	case	of
8	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	9 חָכְמָ֖ה	det	(the)
9	חָכְמָ֖ה	חׇכְמָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	5 יֵּ֥שׁ	obl	wisdom
10	מִן־	מִן	ADP	_	12 סִּכְל֑וּת	case	more than
11	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	12 סִּכְל֑וּת	det	(the)
12	סִּכְל֑וּת	סִכְלוּת	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	5 יֵּ֥שׁ	obl	folly
13	כִּֽ	כְּ	ADP	_	14 יתְר֥וֹן	case	like
14	יתְר֥וֹן	יִתְרוֹן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	5 יֵּ֥שׁ	obl	the advantage
15	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	16 א֖וֹר	det	of (the)
16	א֖וֹר	אוֹר	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 יתְר֥וֹן	compound:smixut	light
17	מִן־	מִן	ADP	_	19 חֹֽשֶׁךְ	case	more than
18	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	19 חֹֽשֶׁךְ	det	(the)
19	חֹֽשֶׁךְ	חֹשֶׁךְ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	14 יתְר֥וֹן	obl	darkness
20	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	19 חֹֽשֶׁךְ	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)	to whom, further (A2)	who makes it happen (AA)
רָאִיתִי I saw	qatal · qal	אָנִי I	יֵּשׁ [is]

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

The Targum

וַחֲזֵית אֲנָא בְּרוּחַ נְבוּאָה דְּאִית מוֹתַר לְחוּכְמְתָא מִן שָׁטוּתָא יַתִּיר כְּמוֹתַר נְהוֹר יְמָמָא מִן חֲשׁוֹךְ לֵילְיָא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Then I saw that wisdom excelleth folly, as far as light excelleth darkness.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:ECC:30.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC.2.13/