Esther 3:8 אֶסְתֵּר

Who acts: Haman, certain people, laws, people, kingdom, king · What happens: say, be, scatter, disperse, keep, not profit · To what, where: certain people, provinces, those, laws · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is Esther 3:8 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Haman, certain people, laws, people, kingdom, king — and what happens in the verse to certain people, provinces, those, laws, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 10 chapters of Esther on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיֹּ֤אמֶר הָמָן֙ לַמֶּ֣לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵר֔וֹשׁ יֶשְׁנ֣וֹ עַם־אֶחָ֗ד מְפֻזָּ֤ר וּמְפֹרָד֙ בֵּ֣ין הָֽעַמִּ֔ים בְּכֹ֖ל מְדִינ֣וֹת מַלְכוּתֶ֑ךָ וְדָתֵיהֶ֞ם שֹׁנ֣וֹת מִכָּל־עָ֗ם וְאֶת־דָּתֵ֤י הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ אֵינָ֣ם עֹשִׂ֔ים וְלַמֶּ֥לֶךְ אֵין־שֹׁוֶ֖ה לְהַנִּיחָֽם׃

And Haman said unto king Ahasuerus: 'There is a certain people scattered abroad and dispersed among the peoples in all the provinces of thy kingdom; and their laws are diverse from those of every people; neither keep they the king's laws; therefore it profiteth not the king to suffer them.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יֹּ֤אמֶר	cc	and
2	יֹּ֤אמֶר	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he said
3	הָמָן֙	הָמָן	PROPN	_	2 יֹּ֤אמֶר	nsubj	Haman
4	לַ	לְ	ADP	_	6 מֶּ֣לֶךְ	case	to
5	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	6 מֶּ֣לֶךְ	det	the
6	מֶּ֣לֶךְ	מֶלֶךְ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 יֹּ֤אמֶר	obl	king
7	אֲחַשְׁוֵר֔וֹשׁ	אֲחַשְׁוֵרוֹשׁ	PROPN	_	6 מֶּ֣לֶךְ	appos	Ahasuerus
8	יֶשְׁנ	יֵשׁ	ADV	_	2 יֹּ֤אמֶר	ccomp	there
9	֣וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 יֶשְׁנ	nsubj	it [is]
10	עַם־	עַם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	9 ֣וֹ	appos	a people
11	אֶחָ֗ד	אֶחָד	NUM	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	10 עַם־	nummod	one
12	מְפֻזָּ֤ר	פָּזַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PUAL Number=Sing	10 עַם־	acl:relcl	scattered
13	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	14 מְפֹרָד֙	cc	and
14	מְפֹרָד֙	פָּרַד	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PUAL Number=Sing	12 מְפֻזָּ֤ר	conj	separated
15	בֵּ֣ין	בֵּין	ADP	_	17 עַמִּ֔ים	case	among
16	הָֽ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	17 עַמִּ֔ים	det	the
17	עַמִּ֔ים	עַם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	12 מְפֻזָּ֤ר	obl	peoples
18	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	19 כֹ֖ל	case	in
19	כֹ֖ל	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	12 מְפֻזָּ֤ר	obl	all
20	מְדִינ֣וֹת	מְדִינָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Plur	19 כֹ֖ל	compound:smixut	the provinces
21	מַלְכוּת	מַלְכוּת	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	20 מְדִינ֣וֹת	compound:smixut	your kingdom
22	ֶ֑ךָ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs	21 מַלְכוּת	nmod:poss	your
23	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	26 שֹׁנ֣וֹת	cc	and
24	דָתֵי	דָּת	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Plur	26 שֹׁנ֣וֹת	nsubj	laws
25	הֶ֞ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	24 דָתֵי	nmod:poss	their
26	שֹׁנ֣וֹת	שָׁנָה	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur	8 יֶשְׁנ	conj	[are] differing
27	מִ	מִן	ADP	_	28 כָּל־	case	from
28	כָּל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	26 שֹׁנ֣וֹת	obl	every
29	עָ֗ם	עַם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	28 כָּל־	compound:smixut	people
30	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	37 עֹשִׂ֔ים	cc	and
31	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	32 דָּתֵ֤י	case	(et)
32	דָּתֵ֤י	דָּת	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Plur	37 עֹשִׂ֔ים	obj	the laws
33	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	34 מֶּ֙לֶךְ֙	det	of
34	מֶּ֙לֶךְ֙	מֶלֶךְ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	32 דָּתֵ֤י	compound:smixut	the king
35	אֵינ	אַיִן	ADV	_	37 עֹשִׂ֔ים	advmod	not
36	ָ֣ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	37 עֹשִׂ֔ים	nsubj	they
37	עֹשִׂ֔ים	עָשָׂה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur	8 יֶשְׁנ	conj	[are] doing
38	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	43 שֹׁוֶ֖ה	cc	and
39	לַ	לְ	ADP	_	41 מֶּ֥לֶךְ	case	for
40	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	41 מֶּ֥לֶךְ	det	the
41	מֶּ֥לֶךְ	מֶלֶךְ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	43 שֹׁוֶ֖ה	obl	king
42	אֵין־	אַיִן	ADV	_	43 שֹׁוֶ֖ה	advmod	not
43	שֹׁוֶ֖ה	שָׁוָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing	8 יֶשְׁנ	conj	[is] appropriate
44	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	45 הַנִּיח	case	to
45	הַנִּיח	נוח	VERB	HebBinyan=HIPHIL	43 שֹׁוֶ֖ה	nsubj	leave
46	ָֽם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	45 הַנִּיח	obj	them
47	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	46 ָֽם	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: yes
the frame alone: decl · narrate · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
יֹּאמֶר he said	wayyiqtol · qal	הָמָן Haman
מְפֻזָּר scattered	participle passive · pual		עַם־ a people
מְפֹרָד separated	participle passive · pual		עַם־ a people
שֹׁנוֹת [are] differing	participle active · qal	דָתֵי laws
not עֹשִׂים [are] doing	participle active · qal	ָם they	דָּתֵי the laws
not שֹׁוֶה [is] appropriate	participle active · qal	הַנִּיח leave
הַנִּיח leave	infinitive construct · hiphil		ָֽם them

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

The Targum

וַאֲמַר הָמָן לְמַלְכָּא אֲחַשְׁוֵרוֹשׁ אִיתַי עַמָא חֲדָא מְבַדָר וּמִתְפָּרֵשׁ בֵּינֵי עַמְמַיָא וְאוּמַיָא וְלִישָׁנַיָא וּמִקְצַת מִנְהוֹן דַיְרִין בְּכָל פַּלְכֵי מַלְכוּתָא וּגְזֵרַת אוֹרַיְתֵהוֹן שַׁנְיָן מִכָּל עַמָא לַחְמָנָא וְתַבְשִׁילָנָא לֵיתְהוֹן טָעֲמִין חַמְרָנָא לֵיתְהוֹן שָׁתָן יוֹמֵי גְנוּסְיָא דִי לָנָא לֵיתֵיהוֹן נָטְרִין וְנִימוּסָנָא לָא מְקַיְימִין וְיַת גְזֵירַת דִינֵי מַלְכָּא לֵיתֵיהוֹן עָבְדִין וּלְמַלְכָּא לֵית לֵיהּ טִימֵי מִנְהוֹן וּמַה הֲנָאָה אִית לֵיהּ בְּהוֹן אִין יְשַׁבְּקִינוּן עַל אַפֵּי אַרְעָא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And Haman said unto king Ahasuerus: 'There is a certain people scattered abroad and dispersed among the peoples in all the provinces of thy kingdom; and their laws are diverse from those of every people; neither keep they the king's laws; therefore it profiteth not the king to suffer them.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:EST:52.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.3.8/