Esther 8:8 אֶסְתֵּר

Who acts: ye, hand, man, king · What happens: write, like, seal, reverse, name · To what, where: you, name, hand, writing

This is Esther 8:8 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — ye, hand, man, king — and what happens in the verse to you, name, hand, writing, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 10 chapters of Esther on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וְ֠אַתֶּם כִּתְב֨וּ עַל־הַיְּהוּדִ֜ים כַּטּ֤וֹב בְּעֵֽינֵיכֶם֙ בְּשֵׁ֣ם הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וְחִתְמ֖וּ בְּטַבַּ֣עַת הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ כִּֽי־כְתָ֞ב אֲשֶׁר־נִכְתָּ֣ב בְּשֵׁם־הַמֶּ֗לֶךְ וְנַחְתּ֛וֹם בְּטַבַּ֥עַת הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ אֵ֥ין לְהָשִֽׁיב׃

Write ye also concerning the Jews, as it liketh you, in the king's name, and seal it with the king's ring; for the writing which is written in the king's name, and sealed with the king's ring, may no man reverse.'

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וְ֠	וְ	CCONJ	_	3 כִּתְב֨וּ	cc	and
2	אַתֶּם	אַתֶּם	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs	3 כִּתְב֨וּ	nsubj	you
3	כִּתְב֨וּ	כָּתַב	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=2	root	root	write
4	עַל־	עַל	ADP	_	6 יְּהוּדִ֜ים	case	on
5	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	6 יְּהוּדִ֜ים	det	the
6	יְּהוּדִ֜ים	יְהוּדִי	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	3 כִּתְב֨וּ	obl	Jews
7	כַּ	כְּ	ADP	_	9 טּ֤וֹב	case	according
8	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	9 טּ֤וֹב	det	to
9	טּ֤וֹב	טוֹב	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	3 כִּתְב֨וּ	obl	the good
10	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	11 עֵֽינֵי	case	in
11	עֵֽינֵי	עַיִן	NOUN	Number=Dual	9 טּ֤וֹב	nmod	eyes
12	כֶם֙	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs	11 עֵֽינֵי	nmod:poss	your
13	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	14 שֵׁ֣ם	case	in
14	שֵׁ֣ם	שֵׁם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	3 כִּתְב֨וּ	obl	the name
15	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	16 מֶּ֔לֶךְ	det	of
16	מֶּ֔לֶךְ	מֶלֶךְ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	14 שֵׁ֣ם	compound:smixut	the king
17	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	18 חִתְמ֖וּ	cc	and
18	חִתְמ֖וּ	חָתַם	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=2	3 כִּתְב֨וּ	conj	seal [it]
19	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	20 טַבַּ֣עַת	case	with
20	טַבַּ֣עַת	טַבַּעַת	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	18 חִתְמ֖וּ	obl	the signet-ring
21	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	22 מֶּ֑לֶךְ	det	of
22	מֶּ֑לֶךְ	מֶלֶךְ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	20 טַבַּ֣עַת	compound:smixut	the king
23	כִּֽי־	כִּי	SCONJ	_	37 אֵ֥ין	mark	(dm)
24	כְתָ֞ב	כְּתָב	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	37 אֵ֥ין	nsubj	a writing
25	אֲשֶׁר־	אֲשֶׁר	SCONJ	_	26 נִכְתָּ֣ב	mark	which
26	נִכְתָּ֣ב	כָּתַב	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Sing	24 כְתָ֞ב	acl:relcl	[is] written
27	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	28 שֵׁם־	case	in
28	שֵׁם־	שֵׁם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	26 נִכְתָּ֣ב	obl	the name
29	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	30 מֶּ֗לֶךְ	det	of
30	מֶּ֗לֶךְ	מֶלֶךְ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	28 שֵׁם־	compound:smixut	the king
31	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	32 נַחְתּ֛וֹם	cc	and
32	נַחְתּ֛וֹם	חָתַם	VERB	HebBinyan=NIPHAL	26 נִכְתָּ֣ב	conj	it is sealed
33	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	34 טַבַּ֥עַת	case	with
34	טַבַּ֥עַת	טַבַּעַת	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	32 נַחְתּ֛וֹם	obl	the signet-ring
35	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	36 מֶּ֖לֶךְ	det	of
36	מֶּ֖לֶךְ	מֶלֶךְ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	34 טַבַּ֥עַת	compound:smixut	the king
37	אֵ֥ין	אַיִן	ADV	_	3 כִּתְב֨וּ	advcl	there [was] not
38	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	39 הָשִֽׁיב	case	to
39	הָשִֽׁיב	שׁוּב	VERB	HebBinyan=HIPHIL	37 אֵ֥ין	advcl	revoke
40	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	39 הָשִֽׁיב	punct

Pragmatics

form: command
act: request
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: yes

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
not כִּתְבוּ write	imperative · qal	אַתֶּם you
חִתְמוּ seal [it]	imperative · qal
נִכְתָּב [is] written	participle passive · niphal		כְתָב a writing
נַחְתּוֹם it is sealed	infinitive absolute · niphal		כְתָב a writing
הָשִֽׁיב revoke	infinitive construct · hiphil		כְתָב a writing

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

The Targum

וְאַתּוּן סַרְהִיבוּ כְּתוּבוּ בְגִין יְהוּדָאִין כַּד שַׁפִיר בְּעֵינֵיכוֹן בְּשׁוּם מֵימְרָא דְמַלְכָּא וּסְטִימוּ בְּעִזְקְתָא דְסִיטוּמְתָּא דְמַלְכָּא אֲרוּם פִּטְקָא דְמִתְכְּתִיב בְּשׁוּם מֵימְרָא דְמַלְכָּא וּמִסְתַּתֵּם בְּעִזְקְתָא דִסְטוּמְתָא דְמַלְכָּא לָא יְתוּב רֵיקָנוּ:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Write ye also concerning the Jews, as it liketh you, in the king's name, and seal it with the king's ring; for the writing which is written in the king's name, and sealed with the king's ring, may no man reverse.'

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:EST:122.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.8.8/