Lamentations 3:40 אֵיכָה
Who acts: you, us · What happens: let, search, try, return · To what, where: us, ways
This is Lamentations 3:40 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — you, us — and what happens in the verse to us, ways, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 5 chapters of Lamentations on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.
נַחְפְּשָׂ֤ה דְרָכֵ֙ינוּ֙ וְֽנַחְקֹ֔רָה וְנָשׁ֖וּבָה עַד־יְהוָֽה׃
Let us search and try our ways, and return to the LORD.
The tree
Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation | gloss |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | נַחְפְּשָׂ֤ה | חָפַשׂ | VERB | Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=1 | root | root | let us examine |
| 2 | דְרָכֵ֙י | דֶּרֶךְ | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 נַחְפְּשָׂ֤ה | obj | ways |
| 3 | נוּ֙ | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Com Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 2 דְרָכֵ֙י | nmod:poss | our |
| 4 | וְֽ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 5 נַחְקֹ֔רָה | cc | and |
| 5 | נַחְקֹ֔רָה | חָקַר | VERB | Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=1 | 1 נַחְפְּשָׂ֤ה | conj | let us examine |
| 6 | וְ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 7 נָשׁ֖וּבָה | cc | and |
| 7 | נָשׁ֖וּבָה | שׁוּב | VERB | Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=1 | 1 נַחְפְּשָׂ֤ה | conj | let us return |
| 8 | עַד־ | עַד | ADP | _ | 9 יְהוָֽה | case | to |
| 9 | יְהוָֽה | יהוה | PROPN | _ | 7 נָשׁ֖וּבָה | obl | Yahweh |
| 10 | ׃ | ׃ | PUNCT | _ | 9 יְהוָֽה | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- command
- act
- request
- voice
- character
- speech
- inside a quote begun earlier
- negation
- no
| verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| נַחְפְּשָׂה let us examine | cohortative · qal | דְרָכֵי ways | |||
| נַחְקֹרָה let us examine | cohortative · qal | דְרָכֵי ways | |||
| נָשׁוּבָה let us return | cohortative · qal |
MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.
The Targum
נִבְלוֹשׁ אוֹרְחָנָא וּנְבַקֵּר וּנְתוּב בִּתְיוּבְתָּא קֳדָם יְיָ:
The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.
English, JPS 1917
Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.
Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.
English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).
Hebrew sentence wlc:LAM:83.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.3.40/