Lamentations 3:54 אֵיכָה
Who acts: Waters, I · What happens: flow, say, cut off · To what, where: head, I · Speech: someone speaks in this verse
This is Lamentations 3:54 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Waters, I — and what happens in the verse to head, I, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 5 chapters of Lamentations on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.
צָֽפוּ־מַ֥יִם עַל־רֹאשִׁ֖י אָמַ֥רְתִּי נִגְזָֽרְתִּי׃ס
Waters flowed over my head; I said: 'I am cut off.'
The tree
Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation | gloss |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | צָֽפוּ־ | צוּף | VERB | Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3 | root | root | they overflowed |
| 2 | מַ֥יִם | מַיִם | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Plur | 1 צָֽפוּ־ | nsubj | waters |
| 3 | עַל־ | עַל | ADP | _ | 4 רֹאשׁ | case | over |
| 4 | רֹאשׁ | רֹאשׁ | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 1 צָֽפוּ־ | obl | head |
| 5 | ִ֖י | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 4 רֹאשׁ | nmod:poss | my |
| 6 | אָמַ֥רְתִּי | אָמַר | VERB | Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=1 | 1 צָֽפוּ־ | parataxis | I said |
| 7 | נִגְזָֽרְתִּי | גָּזַר | VERB | Gender=Com HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Sing Person=1 | 6 אָמַ֥רְתִּי | ccomp | I have been cut off |
| 8 | ׃ | ׃ | PUNCT | _ | 7 נִגְזָֽרְתִּי | punct | |
| 9 | ס | ס | PUNCT | _ | 7 נִגְזָֽרְתִּי | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- character
- speech
- a frame and its quote
- negation
- no
- the frame alone
- decl · assert · none
| verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| צָֽפוּ־ they overflowed | qatal · qal | מַיִם waters | |||
| אָמַרְתִּי I said | qatal · qal | ||||
| נִגְזָֽרְתִּי I have been cut off | qatal · niphal |
MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.
The Targum
שָׁטוּ מַיָּא עַל רֵישִׁי אֲמָרִית בְּמֵימְרִי אִתְגַזְרִית מִן עַלְמָא:
The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.
English, JPS 1917
Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.
Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.
English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).
Hebrew sentence wlc:LAM:97.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.3.54/