Lamentations 5:15 אֵיכָה
Who acts: our · What happens: cease, turn, joy, dance · To what, where: joy, dance, mourning, heart
This is Lamentations 5:15 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — our — and what happens in the verse to joy, dance, mourning, heart, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 5 chapters of Lamentations on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.
שָׁבַת֙ מְשׂ֣וֹשׂ לִבֵּ֔נוּ נֶהְפַּ֥ךְ לְאֵ֖בֶל מְחֹלֵֽנוּ׃
The joy of our heart is ceased; our dance is turned into mourning.
The tree
Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation | gloss |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | שָׁבַת֙ | שָׁבַת | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3 | root | root | it has ceased |
| 2 | מְשׂ֣וֹשׂ | מָשׂוֹשׂ | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 1 שָׁבַת֙ | nsubj | the joy |
| 3 | לִבּ | לֵב | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 2 מְשׂ֣וֹשׂ | compound:smixut | our heart |
| 4 | ֵ֔נוּ | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Com Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 3 לִבּ | nmod:poss | our |
| 5 | נֶהְפַּ֥ךְ | הָפַךְ | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Sing Person=3 | 1 שָׁבַת֙ | parataxis | it has been changed |
| 6 | לְ | לְ | ADP | _ | 7 אֵ֖בֶל | case | into |
| 7 | אֵ֖בֶל | אֵבֶל | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 5 נֶהְפַּ֥ךְ | obl | mourning |
| 8 | מְחֹל | מָחוֹל | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 5 נֶהְפַּ֥ךְ | nsubj | dancing |
| 9 | ֵֽנוּ | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Com Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 8 מְחֹל | nmod:poss | our |
| 10 | ׃ | ׃ | PUNCT | _ | 9 ֵֽנוּ | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- speech
- narration
- negation
- no
| verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| שָׁבַת it has ceased | qatal · qal | מְשׂוֹשׂ the joy | |||
| נֶהְפַּךְ it has been changed | qatal · niphal | מְחֹל dancing |
MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.
The Targum
בְּטִילַת חֶדְוַת לִבְבָנָא אִיתְהַפִּיךְ לְאֶבְלָא חִינוּגָנָא:
The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.
English, JPS 1917
Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.
Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.
English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).
Hebrew sentence wlc:LAM:146.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.5.15/