Nehemiah 4:4 נְחֶמְיָה

Who acts: Judah, much rubbish, we · What happens: say, decay, be, not be, build · To what, where: strength, wall · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is Nehemiah 4:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Judah, much rubbish, we — and what happens in the verse to strength, wall, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 13 chapters of Nehemiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוּדָ֗ה כָּשַׁל֙ כֹּ֣חַ הַסַּבָּ֔ל וְהֶעָפָ֖ר הַרְבֵּ֑ה וַאֲנַ֙חְנוּ֙ לֹ֣א נוּכַ֔ל לִבְנ֖וֹת בַּחוֹמָֽה׃

And Judah said: 'The strength of the bearers of burdens is decayed, and there is much rubbish; so that we are not able to build the wall.'

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יֹּ֣אמֶר	cc	and
2	יֹּ֣אמֶר	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	it said
3	יְהוּדָ֗ה	יְהוּדָה	PROPN	_	2 יֹּ֣אמֶר	nsubj	Judah
4	כָּשַׁל֙	כָּשַׁל	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יֹּ֣אמֶר	ccomp	it has failed
5	כֹּ֣חַ	כֹּחַ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	4 כָּשַׁל֙	nsubj	the strength
6	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	7 סַּבָּ֔ל	det	of
7	סַּבָּ֔ל	סַבָּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	5 כֹּ֣חַ	compound:smixut	the burden-bearer[s]
8	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	11 הַרְבֵּ֑ה	cc	and
9	הֶ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	10 עָפָ֖ר	det	the
10	עָפָ֖ר	עָפָר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	11 הַרְבֵּ֑ה	nsubj	debris
11	הַרְבֵּ֑ה	רָבָה	ADV	HebBinyan=HIPHIL	4 כָּשַׁל֙	conj	[is] much
12	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	15 נוּכַ֔ל	cc	and
13	אֲנַ֙חְנוּ֙	אֲנַחְנוּ	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	15 נוּכַ֔ל	nsubj	we
14	לֹ֣א	לֹא	ADV	_	15 נוּכַ֔ל	advmod	not
15	נוּכַ֔ל	יָכֹל	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=1	4 כָּשַׁל֙	conj	we will be able
16	לִ	לְ	ADP	_	17 בְנ֖וֹת	case	to
17	בְנ֖וֹת	בָּנָה	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	15 נוּכַ֔ל	xcomp	rebuild
18	בַּ	בְּ	ADP	_	20 חוֹמָֽה	case	(on)
19	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	20 חוֹמָֽה	det	the
20	חוֹמָֽה	חוֹמָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	17 בְנ֖וֹת	obl	wall
21	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	20 חוֹמָֽה	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: yes
the frame alone: decl · narrate · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)
יֹּאמֶר it said	wayyiqtol · qal	יְהוּדָה Judah
כָּשַׁל it has failed	qatal · qal	כֹּחַ the strength
not נוּכַל we will be able	yiqtol · qal	אֲנַחְנוּ we
בְנוֹת rebuild	infinitive construct · qal	יְהוּדָה Judah

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And Judah said: 'The strength of the bearers of burdens is decayed, and there is much rubbish; so that we are not able to build the wall.'

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:NEH:72.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/NEH.4.4/