Psalms 104:20 תְּהִלִּים

Who acts: Thou, darkness, beasts · What happens: make, be, creep · To what, where: darkness, night

This is Psalms 104:20 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Thou, darkness, beasts — and what happens in the verse to darkness, night, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 150 chapters of Psalms on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

תָּֽשֶׁת־חֹ֭שֶׁךְ וִ֣יהִי לָ֑יְלָה בּֽוֹ־תִ֝רְמֹ֗שׂ כָּל־חַיְתוֹ־יָֽעַר׃

Thou makest darkness, and it is night, wherein all the beasts of the forest do creep forth.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	תָּֽשֶׁת־	שִׁית	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=2	root	root	you make
2	חֹ֭שֶׁךְ	חֹשֶׁךְ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	1 תָּֽשֶׁת־	obj	darkness
3	וִ֣	וְ	CCONJ	_	4 יהִי	cc	and
4	יהִי	הָיָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	1 תָּֽשֶׁת־	conj	it is
5	לָ֑יְלָה	לַיְלָה	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	4 יהִי	nsubj	night
6	בּ	בְּ	ADP	_	7 ֽוֹ־	case	in
7	ֽוֹ־	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 תִ֝רְמֹ֗שׂ	obl	it
8	תִ֝רְמֹ֗שׂ	רָמַשׂ	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	1 תָּֽשֶׁת־	parataxis	it moves about
9	כָּל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	8 תִ֝רְמֹ֗שׂ	nsubj	every
10	חַיְת	חַיָּה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	9 כָּל־	compound:smixut	animal
11	וֹ־	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 חַיְת	nmod:poss	his
12	יָֽעַר	יַעַר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	10 חַיְת	compound:smixut	of [the] forest
13	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	12 יָֽעַר	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: request
voice: character
speech: speech with no frame
negation: no
indirect: yes

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
תָּֽשֶׁת־ you make	yiqtol · qal		חֹשֶׁךְ darkness
יהִי it is	yiqtol · qal	לָיְלָה night
תִרְמֹשׂ it moves about	yiqtol · qal	חַיְת animal

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

The Targum

תְּשַׁוֵי חֲשׁוֹךְ וַהֲוֵי לֵילְיָא בֵּיהּ רָחֲשִׁין כָּל חֵיוַת חוּרְשָׁא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Thou makest darkness, and it is night, wherein all the beasts of the forest do creep forth.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:PSA:1714.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.104.20/