Psalms 18:10 תְּהִלִּים
Who acts: fire, thick darkness · What happens: bow, come down, be · To what, where: heavens, feet
This is Psalms 18:10 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — fire, thick darkness — and what happens in the verse to heavens, feet, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 150 chapters of Psalms on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.
וַיֵּ֣ט שָׁ֭מַיִם וַיֵּרַ֑ד וַ֝עֲרָפֶ֗ל תַּ֣חַת רַגְלָֽיו׃
He bowed the heavens also, and came down; and thick darkness was under His feet.
The tree
Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation | gloss |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | וַ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 2 יֵּ֣ט | cc | and |
| 2 | יֵּ֣ט | נָטָה | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3 | root | root | he bent down |
| 3 | שָׁ֭מַיִם | שָׁמַיִם | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Plur | 2 יֵּ֣ט | obj | [the] heavens |
| 4 | וַ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 5 יֵּרַ֑ד | cc | and |
| 5 | יֵּרַ֑ד | יָרַד | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3 | 2 יֵּ֣ט | conj | he came down |
| 6 | וַ֝ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 8 תַּ֣חַת | cc | and |
| 7 | עֲרָפֶ֗ל | עֲרָפֶל | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 8 תַּ֣חַת | nsubj | thick darkness |
| 8 | תַּ֣חַת | תַּחַת | NOUN | _ | 2 יֵּ֣ט | conj | [was] under |
| 9 | רַגְלָֽי | רֶגֶל | NOUN | Gender=Fem Number=Dual | 8 תַּ֣חַת | compound:smixut | feet |
| 10 | ו | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 רַגְלָֽי | nmod:poss | his |
| 11 | ׃ | ׃ | PUNCT | _ | 10 ו | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- narrate
- voice
- narrator
- speech
- narration
- negation
- no
| verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| יֵּט he bent down | wayyiqtol · qal | שָׁמַיִם [the] heavens | |||
| יֵּרַד he came down | wayyiqtol · qal |
MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.
The Targum
וְאַרְכֵן שְׁמַיָא וְאִתְגְלֵי יְקָרֵיהּ וַעֲנַן אֲמִטְתָא כַּבֵּשׁ קֳדָמוֹי:
The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.
English, JPS 1917
Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.
Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.
English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).
Hebrew sentence wlc:PSA:196.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.18.10/