Psalms 52:4 תְּהִלִּים
Who acts: tongue · What happens: devise, work · To what, where: destruction
This is Psalms 52:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — tongue — and what happens in the verse to destruction, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 150 chapters of Psalms on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.
הַ֭וּוֹת תַּחְשֹׁ֣ב לְשׁוֹנֶ֑ךָ כְּתַ֥עַר מְ֝לֻטָּ֗שׁ עֹשֵׂ֥ה רְמִיָּֽה׃
Thy tongue deviseth destruction; like a sharp razor, working deceitfully.
The tree
Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation | gloss |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | הַ֭וּוֹת | הַוָּה | NOUN | Gender=Fem Number=Plur | 2 תַּחְשֹׁ֣ב | obj | destruction(s) |
| 2 | תַּחְשֹׁ֣ב | חָשַׁב | VERB | Gender=Fem HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3 | root | root | it plots |
| 3 | לְשׁוֹנ | לָשׁוֹן | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 תַּחְשֹׁ֣ב | nsubj | tongue |
| 4 | ֶ֑ךָ | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs | 3 לְשׁוֹנ | nmod:poss | your |
| 5 | כְּ | כְּ | ADP | _ | 6 תַ֥עַר | case | like |
| 6 | תַ֥עַר | תַּעַר | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 תַּחְשֹׁ֣ב | obl | a razor |
| 7 | מְ֝לֻטָּ֗שׁ | לָטַשׁ | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PUAL Number=Sing | 6 תַ֥עַר | nmod | sharpened |
| 8 | עֹשֵׂ֥ה | עָשָׂה | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing | 2 תַּחְשֹׁ֣ב | parataxis | O [you who] do |
| 9 | רְמִיָּֽה | רְמִיָּה | NOUN | Gender=Fem Number=Sing | 8 עֹשֵׂ֥ה | compound:smixut | (of) deceit |
| 10 | ׃ | ׃ | PUNCT | _ | 9 רְמִיָּֽה | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- character
- speech
- inside a quote begun earlier
- negation
- no
| verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| תַּחְשֹׁב it plots | yiqtol · qal | לְשׁוֹנ tongue | הַוּוֹת destruction(s) | ||
| מְלֻטָּשׁ sharpened | participle passive · pual | תַעַר a razor | |||
| עֹשֵׂה O [you who] do | participle active · qal | רְמִיָּֽה (of) deceit |
MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.
The Targum
אִתְרְגוּשְׁתָּא תְּחַשֵׁב בְּלִיבְבָךְ לִישְׁנָךְ הֵיךְ אִזְמֵל חָרִיף עָבִיד מִלֵי מַלְשִׁינוּתָא:
The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.
English, JPS 1917
Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.
Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.
English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).
Hebrew sentence wlc:PSA:804.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.52.4/