Esther 4:3 · JPS 1917
And in every province, whithersoever the king's commandment and his decree came, there was great mourning among the Jews, and fasting, and weeping, and wailing; and many lay in sackcloth and ashes.
Who acts: commandment, great mourning, many, king · What happens: come, be, lie, command, decree · To what, where: province, sackcloth · Speech: someone speaks here
This is Esther 4:3 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (commandment, great mourning, many, king), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 was | cc |
| 2 | in | in | ADP | _ | 4 province | case |
| 3 | every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 4 province | det |
| 4 | province | province | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 was | obl |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 was | punct |
| 6 | whithersoever | whithersoever | ADV | PronType=Rel | 14 came | advmod |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 king | det |
| 8 | king | king | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 commandment | nmod:poss |
| 9 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 8 king | case |
| 10 | commandment | commandment | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 came | nsubj |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 decree | cc |
| 12 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 13 decree | nmod:poss |
| 13 | decree | decree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 commandment | conj |
| 14 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 was | advcl |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 was | punct |
| 16 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 17 was | expl |
| 17 | was | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 18 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 mourning | amod |
| 19 | mourning | mourning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 was | nsubj |
| 20 | among | among | ADP | _ | 22 Jews | case |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 Jews | det |
| 22 | Jews | Jew | PROPN | Number=Plur | 19 mourning | nmod |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 fasting | punct |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 fasting | cc |
| 25 | fasting | fasting | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 mourning | conj |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 weeping | punct |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 weeping | cc |
| 28 | weeping | weeping | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 mourning | conj |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 wailing | punct |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 wailing | cc |
| 31 | wailing | wailing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 mourning | conj |
| 32 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 35 lay | punct |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 35 lay | cc |
| 34 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 35 lay | nsubj |
| 35 | lay | lie | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 was | conj |
| 36 | in | in | ADP | _ | 37 sackcloth | case |
| 37 | sackcloth | sackcloth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 lay | obl |
| 38 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 39 ashes | cc |
| 39 | ashes | ash | NOUN | Number=Plur | 37 sackcloth | conj |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 17 was | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- narrate
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed polarity=none
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | come | past | the king's commandment and king's decree | whithersoever property | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | be | past | great mourning among the Jews and fasting and weeping and wailing | every province; there | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in province=Location | ||||
| 3 | lie | past | many | sackcloth and ashes | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in sackcloth=Location | ||||
| 4 | command | the king | nom commandment «communication transitive»: poss=agent | ||||||
| 5 | decree | king | nom decree «communication intransitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
וּבְכָל־מְדִינָ֣ה וּמְדִינָ֗ה מְקוֹם֙ אֲשֶׁ֨ר דְּבַר־הַמֶּ֤לֶךְ וְדָתוֹ֙ מַגִּ֔יעַ אֵ֤בֶל גָּדוֹל֙ לַיְּהוּדִ֔ים וְצ֥וֹם וּבְכִ֖י וּמִסְפֵּ֑ד שַׂ֣ק וָאֵ֔פֶר יֻצַּ֖ע לָֽרַבִּֽים׃
Esther 4:3: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:EST:65 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EST.65/